Contents
g9.1. General problems of agriculture
g9.2. Agricultural economy and farm organization
g9.6. Horticulture, fruit and vegetable-growing
g9.7. Viticulture and winemaking
g9.8. Tea and subtropical crops
g9.9. Animal husbandry, poultry breeding and veterinary medicine
g9.11. Biochemistry, biotechnology and agricultural production
g9.16. Agricultural radiology and agro-ecology
11.g9.1. GENERAL PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURE
11.g9.1.1. Globalization and
problems of specialization of
The work
studies the problems of specialization of agriculture under globalization,
reviews the stages of specialization development; defines an indicator of
specialization at the national and regional levels. According to the indicator,
the current level of specialization is comparatively lower that the one
existing before the reform, the cause of which should be sought in paying major attention lately to the
production of cereal, potato and livestock products, or staple foods.
Appropriate measures aimed at raising the level of agricultural specialization
ad concentration are set out.
Auth.
11.g9.1.2. The country needs a new strategy for
developing agricultural industry (main features and peculiarities of the
current state of Georgian agricultural industry). /N. Chitanava/. Works of Georgian Academy
of Economic Sciences. – 2012. – v. 10. – pp. 189-205. –
geo.; abs.: geo., eng.
The article deals such matters as the current
situation in the agricultural sector development in Georgia, its main trends, features
and characteristics; the cause-and-effect relations having resulted in a
systemic crisis; the methodological and conceptual approaches to the
development of a new strategy; a need to work out and implement a long-term
program for secure and sustainable development of the rural sector.
Auth.
11.g9.1.3. Non-agricultural (urban) land ownership. /D. Egiashvili, A.
Meskhishvili/. Agrarian-economic
Science and Technologies. – 2012. - #3. – pp. 21-28. - geo.; abs.: geo., eng.
According to Georgian legislation, land which
is not used for agricultural purpose is considered to be a non-agricultural
land. Origination of the right of ownership on a non-agricultural land in
Auth.
11.g9.1.4. Opinions about land legislation. /A. Meskhishvili/.
Agrarian-economic Science and Technologies. - 2013. - #1. – pp.37-44. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng.
The study deals with Georgian laws relating
to land - real estate matters. The necessity of
invalidating definite legal acts and adoption of new laws in this sphere, as
well as proposals and opinions on making amendments and addenda to existing
laws are given.
Auth.
11.g9.1.5. Natural
processes that impede the development of agriculture in Adjara /
Adjara belongs to the
regions of
Auth.
11.g9.1.6. Prospects
for the agricultural sector development in Georgia. /D.Gubeladze/. Metsniereba da Tskhovreba.
2012. - #1(5). – pp. 80-84. - geo.; abs.:
geo., eng., rus.
Georgia has a possibility to solve the problem of food security, greatly
increase the production of traditional export products, the food processing
industry and rural development and employment with the effective functioning of
the reclamation fund. Nowdays,
the main task is to realize these possabilities
practically.
Auth.
11.g9.1.7. The theoretical
bases of state regulation of agriculture. /M.Badalyan/. Annals of Agrarian Science. -
vol. 10, # 4, - pp.145-147
- rus., abs. eng., rus.
The state regulation of agriculture is analyzed and justified in the article and the
theoretical bases for realizing this function are suggested in
relation with the specific distinctions of land resources.
Ref.3
Auth.
11.g9.1.8. Principles of
base index determination for cadastral valuation of plough lands. /A.Ezekyan/. Annals of Agrarian Science. - vol.
10, # 4,
- pp.151-153 - rus., abs. eng., rus.
Cadastral valuation is performed according to the defined sequence:
land-valuating zoning of territory, soil appraisal and grouping, processing of
numerous data for land valuation. The above mentioned values are required to
define the size of land tax, rent-charge and regulation of land relations. Fig.
2, Ref.4
Auth.
11.g9.1.9. Formation of rental income and the order of its establishment for land valuation
purpose.
/A. Ezekyan/. Annals of Agrarian Science. - vol. 10, # 4, -
pp.154-157, - rus., abs. eng., rus.
Land cadastral valuation provides acquisition of required and true
data on land capability of agricultural holdings. It is performed based on the
land aggregate rental income. The valuation is required to solve numerous
production and managerial targets aiming at efficient use of land resources.
Fig. 4, Ref.5
Auth.
11.g9.1.10. Accounting
issues of biological assets.
/A.Tshughuryan, D.Gevorkyan/. Annals of Agrarian Science. - vol.
10, # 4, - pp.158-160 -
rus., abs. eng., rus.
The paper deals with the issues related to the accounting by an
enterprise of the biological transformation of living animals or plants
(biological assets) for sale into agricultural produce or into additional
biological assets. Basically, fair value can be measured reliably for a biological
asset only on initial recognition for such market-determined prices. However,
during the future period of exploitation, the fair values are not available and
consequently suggested alternative estimates. In such a case, IAS 41 requires
an enterprise to measure that biological asset at its cost less than any
accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Once the fair
value of such a biological asset becomes reliably measurable, an enterprise
should measure it at its fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs. Ref.4
Auth.
11.g9.1.11. The Agrarian
sector needs a strong base of scientific-innovation technologies. /O.Shatberashvili/. New Agrarian Georgia. – 2012. - #11. – pp.6-7. – geo.
Activities of Irish
Agriculture and Food Development Authority – TEAGASC
and one of its research centers -
N.Chkhaidze
11.g9.1.12. The role
of social capital in rural development of
The
aim of the research carried out in 2010-2012 was to study economic relations in
villages, collection of qualitative and quantitative data, statistical analysis
of data obtained by sociological survey, institutional analysis of the field of
relationship. As a result of the research, explored were the socio-economic and
political processes that defined the current situation in villages in
M. Kopaleishvili
11.g9.1.13. EaP and innovation processes in agriculture. /Î.Shatberashvili/.
The EU Eastern Partnership Programme and Prospects of
Innovative Development of Georgia. – 2011. – pp. 125-145. - geo.; abs.: geo.,
eng.
The rapprochement of economic policies between
Auth.
11.g9.2. AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMY AND FARM ORGANIZATION
11.g9.2.1. Ways
to improve structure of agricultural lands on the wetland soils of Kolkheti
Lowland. /V. Shurgaia,
The
article presents information on the state of the agricultural complex within the
reclaimed area of Kolkheti Lowland. One-sided specialization of subtropical
crops production failed to bring forth harmonious development of agricultural.
Taking into account demand for wheat and the resultant increase in prices, also
in order to provide population with staple food products a structural reform of
agricultural lands in the central part of the Lowland is proposed. Increase of
lands under cereals and forage crops at the expense of perennials requires the
use of drainage techniques designated for one-year plants, given heavy
permeable soils in this part of Kolkheti, such as the arrangement of a “bed” or
combined drainage against the background of trenching. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.2.2. Diversification of farms in Fast European and Central Asian countries. /E. Êharaishvili/. Economics and
Business. – 2012. - #2. – pp. 95-108. – geo.; abs.: eng.
The article proves the necessity of diversification of
the farms in East European and Central Asian countries, as well as in
Auth.
11.g9.2.3. Concept for developing the agrarian sector of
Analysis of economic indices is given on the
basis of a detail study of 100 typical family farms. The project of the program
for developing commodity branches of plant growing is worked out,
generalization of which is possible for subtropical zone of Georgia. Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.2.4. Economic
priorities of Georgia agriculture. /R. Kopaliani, V. Ugulava, T. Jobava/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 364-366. –
rus.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The main directions of developing country’s
subtropical agriculture introducing resource saving intensive technologies,
industrial specialization and cooperation, perfection of social infrastructure
and system of specialists’ professional qualification are given in the work. Tab. 1.
Auth.
11.g9.2.5. Analysis of the existing economic level of farming in Ozurgeti Region and main directions of its
development. /N. Galogre, G.
Glonti/. Subtropical
Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 367-369. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The economy level of plant-growing fields in
Ozurgeti region is analyzed and prospects of further development of the said
fields are determined on the basis of the reserves for production enhancement
and efficiency improvement revealed as a result of the appropriate research
findings. Tab. 1, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.2.6. Peculiarities of
conversion of agriculture to capitalist relations. /A. Pavliashvili/. Ekonomisti (Economist). – 2012. - #1. – pp. 59-64. –
geo.; abs. eng.
Against the background
of the explicit data, the work “Peculiarities of Conversion of Agriculture to
Capitalist Relations” reveals progressive changes that took place in
agriculture of
Auth.
11.g9.2.7. Research
of efficiency of economic structure and the necessity of structural reforming
of agrarian sector of national economy of
The
gives an analysis and research of structural reforming of national economy by
the example of agrarian sector of
Auth.
11.g9.2.8. Agriculture insurance in
The risk factors characteristic of Georgian
agriculture and a strategy for their management are established. Special
attention is paid to insurance of agricultural sectors. A regression model is
used to study the problem. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.2.9. Educational function and
prospects of agro-tourism development in
The article deals with
the rich tourist potential of Georgia and prospects of development in the
country of such tourist types as eco-tourism, agro-tourism, mountain tourism,
wine tours, rural tourism, etc., which is the requisite factor for development
of regional economy. Special attention is given to agro-tourism, its cultural
and educational function and role for developing the tourist economy. In
addition, the importance of agro-tourism as a means of involving the youth and
provoking in them an interest in agricultural matters is outlined. Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.2.10. Conceptual approaches to the organization of the investment activity of
agricultural enterprises. /V. Slavin/. Ekonomisti
(Economist). – 2012. - #4. – pp. 72-75. – eng.; abs. eng., rus.
The evaluation of assessment of the effectiveness of investment projects
of agricultural enterprises is defined. The consequences of any risky decisions
in evaluating the efficiency of investment projects are analysed. Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.2.11. The formation of
effective resource support of agricultural producers through the development of
financial and credit relations in
In the article the
basic problems of financial and credit relations in the agricultural sector of
Auth.
11.g9.2.12. Priority areas of improving the system of state regulation of business in
the markets of food products. /E. Tubolec/. Ekonomisti (Economist). – 2012. - #5. – pp.
43-49. – eng.; abs. eng., rus.
The priorities for improveming state regulation of business in the
markets of food products are identified; the macro-and microeconomic factors that
influence the development of food markets are revealed; the priority objectives
of state regulation of business in the food markets in the medium term are
determined. Ref.
5
Auth.
11.g9.2.13. Global practice of regulation and
maintenance of food security and possibilities of its application in
The
global practices of regulation and support of food security are studied. A methodology for estimating sustainable mechanisms to ensure physical accessibility of food supply to population are justified. Ref.
6.
Auth.
11.g9.2.14. Increasing
competitiveness of local products. /T. Kunchulia, P. Koguashvili/. Bulletin of
the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
Liberal trade policy
and membership agreement with the World Trade Organization created favorable
conditions for imports of subsidized products produced by using high
technologies, which in its turn entailed disappearance of Georgian products
from the market. Because of the above, the problem of raising competitiveness
of Georgian products became very critical. Under the currents conditions, the
problem cannot be solved without a serous support from the state.
Auth.
11.g9.2.15. Sectoral strategy for
production and processing of agricultural products. /T. Kunchulia, K.
Mchedlishvili/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
Nowadays, there are
many factors in the country that impede development of sectorial programs and
their reliability. Therefore, identification of future parameters using
classical methods does not make any sense. In addition, given prioritization of
agriculture and formation of a billion-worth agricultural fund, it is necessary
that a respective sectoral strategy be developed and the efficient ways of
agricultural production and processing be set on its basis for at least 5-10
years.
Auth.
11.g9.2.16. Considerations on
co-operation of lands. /R. Pakhuridze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The importance of
cooperation and setting up of cooperatives for consolidation of lands is
discussed.
Auth.
11.g9.2.17. Using clusters to
restructure Georgian depressed regions. /Z.Gudushauri,
Clusters are considered as a way of revival
of
Auth.
11.g9.2.18. The
problems of agriculture in
Development of agriculture is of vital
importance for Georgian economy. Nowadays it faces numerous problems and challenges;
there are many things that must be improved. 46.8% of Georgian population lives
in rural areas, but it produces only 9.3% of GDP. There are some main reasons
causing this, such as lack of motivation to expand production, high interest
rates, and limited access to credits, outdated technology, and insufficient
knowledge of new production methods. The greatest problem is that agricultural
lands are divided into many small parcels. It is important to develop
agricultural insurance and make it affordable for small farmers. According to
most experts,
Auth.
11.g9.2.19. Georgian
path towards the European Market. /M. Kakhidze, T.
Shengelia/. The New Economist. – 2012. - # 4. – pp. 67-71. – geo.; abs.: geo.,
eng.
The
European market is extremely important to
Auth.
11.g9.2.20. Cheap
fuel for farmers. /P. Koguashvili, T. Kunchulia/. The New Economist. –
2013. - # 1. – pp. 27-29. – geo.; abs.: geo., eng.
In
Georgian agriculture the area of crops and plants, cattle, all kind of
agriculture products and food security indicators are sharply reduced.
Uncultivated area makes over 55-60% of arable land. This is caused by price
increase of material resources necessary for reproduction, such as fertilizers,
chemicals, agricultural machinery and fuel. Many countries return total (
Auth.
11.g9.2.21. Private
property as a determinant of economic freedom. /R. Gerliani/. The New Economist. – 2013. - # 1. – pp. 35-43. – geo.;
abs.: geo., eng.
Private
property is a major issue/element of the world economy as well as the economic
policies of different countries. Private property is the basis for the creation
of a free market economy. Economic history of the development of the world
economy has experienced many forms of properties. However, for the most part,
only private property reinforces the freedom and economic freedom. Both,
economic freedom and private property issues are particularly interesting and
relevant to the post-socialist space, including
Auth.
11.g9.2.22. Rules
of World Trade Organization in the field of competition. /S. Petelava/. The New Economist. – 2013. - # 1. – pp. 65-69. – geo.;
abs.: geo., eng.
The article discusses the history of the
organization’s formation and questions concerning
Auth.
11.g9.2.23. The principles of building a classifier of accommodations
suitable for rural and agro tourism. /T. Khutsishvili, D. Maisuradze, M.
Kavrelishvili/.
Rural and agro tourism are increasingly
developing in industrialized countries. The criteria of selection of suitable
accommodations are an important part of this process. The authors have built a
classifier for rural and agro tourism accommodation points. The criteria
involve 3 main components, each being defined by several parameters: a) the
area ajoining the rural and farm house (parameters: landscape, distance from a
populated point, sight-seeing places, etc.); b) technical conditions and
facilities of rural and farm houses (parameters: repair, electric power supply,
heating, air-conditioning, water supply, bathroom, toilet, furniture, kitchen,
parking, greenery, etc.); c) possibilities of additional services (parameters:
additional meals, emergency, Internet, child care, participation in
agricultural work, additional tours, etc.) Evaluation of each component is
accomplished by grading of each parameter and by subsequent calculation of
percentage with respect to the maximal grade of this component.
Auth.
11.g9.2.24. European
innovation policy in agriculture. /O.Shatberashvili/.
Multi-Level
Innovation Policy and European Integration. – 2010. – pp. 245-280. – geo.;
abs.: geo., eng.
Notwithstanding remarkable
achievements, it is considered in the European Union that the common agricultural policy needs
to be changed, mainly in the direction of innovation and sustainability because
it is ïî longer possible to retain the
"hothouse" conditions for farmers through subsidies, îï the one hand, and there is à need to respond to new challenges, îï the other hand. These àãå: sustainable development
under global warming and climate change; development of organic farming; growth
of prices îï food; the necessity of
bio-fuel production, etc. In the next decade, assistance to farmers in the
direction of innovation activities will increase; these include: compliance
with the environmental, food safety and other standards. Ruãal development (non-agricultural) innovation
activities will be enhanced. Such à scenario is to enhance all
the innovation system components - the significance of education, research,
accumulation and putting into practice of the commercialized knowledge.
Auth.
11.g9.2.25. Results of
study of farm loan and farm insuãance. /D. Charkviani, T. Chincharauli,
This research studies recent conditions of farm loan and farm
insuãance in Georgia and develops general recommendations on the improvement of agricultural financing and insuãance. After gaining
independence the collective farms system in
Auth.
11.g9.2.26. Agroinsurance
and agrocrediting systems and general context of agricultural development in
Georgia.
/E. Shatberashvili, B. Alasania/. Biofarmer (Special edition). - 2011. - # 1
(16). - pp. 4-11. - geo.;
The
agricultural insurance and crediting problems in
M. Kopaleishvili
11.g9.2.27. The development of agricultural insurance in
Agricultural insurance models operating in
the world are considered: state-controlled (
M. Kopaleishvili
11.g9.2.28. Agricultural credits in
It is noted that the share of the
agricultural sector in total bank loans is up to two percents, the share of
foreign direct investments is very low (2007 - 0.8%, 2008 - 0.5%, 2009 - 1.2%).
Main barriers of agricultural credit line development are named and the
possible schemes are proposed. Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Lit. 18.
M. Kopaleishvili
11.g9.3.1. Soil characteristics management using
a polycomplex. /L. Itriashvili, Kh. Kiknadze,
A
mechanism of a polycomplex impact on soil characteristics and the resulting
changes are considered. The qualitative and quantitative rates of the
polycomplex determining the purposeful management of soil characteristics are
given. Fig. 3, Tab. 6, Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.3.2. Features of soil seepage. /I. Kruashvili, E. Kukhalashvili,
Theoretical
models determining seepage features in water supply canals under natural
geotechnical conditions are applied in the isotropic water-permeable
environment which limits the area of their application. Since the seepage
factor is a permanently participating active component in formation of water
balance of local agricultural (agro) systems, the determination of the water
application rate is based thereon. Given the features of seepage, the questions
connected with movement of water in porous systems of soil are the function of
many interoperating factors. Hence, on the basis of the offered model, the
calculation dependences of seepage velocity, seepage factor, water conductivity
and porosity for real soils are obtained. Fig. 1, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.3.3. Studying the problems connected with
anomalies of water seepage in soils. /I. Kruashvili, E.
Kukhalashvili,
In
soils, presented by the dispersed-hydraulic porous system, the migrated water
gets specific qualities; therefore, definition of characteristics of water
seepage in soils becomes complicated. Soils, which represent the multicomponent
environment, consist of different micro- and macro- particles and the water
migrated in these particles gets different qualities. Based on the above and
the proposed model, the range of change and optimum values of active and
passive porosity have been determined and the seepage velocity, initial
gradient and irrigation mode are obtained. Fig. 3, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.3.4. The effect of global
climate change on soils. /Hans-Peter Blume/.
Bulletin of
With progressing earth history temperatures and
precipitation have globally, regionally and locally changed. In addition to
extraterrestrial reasons also terrestrial reasons like volcanism, forest fires,
changes of global ice, snow and vegetation cover have caused such changes. For
the last 100 years the global mean temperature has increased to actually more
than 15°C, which is widely assumed to have not only natural but anthropogenic
reasons: reduced water evaporation from agricultural land in contrast to
natural forest, emissions of warmth and carbon dioxide especially in
urban-industrial agglomerations, and the release of methane and nitrous oxide
in agriculture are the most important impacts. It is assumed that in the 21st
century the global mean temperature will rise by another 2-3 oC,
mainly caused by a higher use of fossil fuels and an intensified conventional
agriculture. Increased temperatures, higher CO2-concentrations near
the soil surface and higher precipitation rates lead in principle to a higher
formation of biomass. More crop residues and higher temperatures also stimulate
the activity of soil organisms. Higher soil temperatures also stimulate
chemical weathering. On the other side higher rainfall can wash out more solved
nutrients. But the expected climate changes and their effects on soils can vary
to a large extent. The predicted rising sea level will increase the flooding of
coastal soils, so that dikes have to be built or heightened. Higher
temperatures in coastal soils will intensify the microbial formation of greenhouse gases. Permafrost soils
will melt so that their agricultural use may be partly possible. Fig. 4, Tab.
2, Ref. 22.
Auth.
11.g9.3.5. Soil
pathogenic fungi and their control. /N. Dzimistarashvili/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. –
¹1-4. – pp. 256-258. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The main phatogenic soil fungi which cause
rotting of roots, root collar, plant, tubers as well as plant withering are
considered in the work. Ecologically safe methods such as agrotechnical,
sanitaro-hygienic and chemical against aggressive organisms are worked out on
the base of analysis. Biological preparations were tested for the first time:
0.3% cupric oxychloride-neoram, 0.3% maxim, 0.2% bacterophyt, phytosporin and
0.5% trichoderma, which showed good results. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.3.6. The importance of
soil compaction, its types and used machinery and implements. /Sh. Chalaganidze, P.
Naskidashvili, G. Mosashvili, T. Loladze/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The article
underlines the importance of pre-sowing and post-sowing soil compaction in the
arid, semi-arid, wind and water erosion areas for the purpose of raising
harvest of cereals (wheat, barley, oats, buckwheat, maize, etc.). The article
speaks of the necessity of conducting relevant studies in
Auth.
11.g9.3.7. The effect of soil compaction on its humidity, thermal
conditions, structure, the growth and development of plants. /Sh. Chalaganidze, P.
Naskidashvili, G. Mosashvili, T. Loladze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The article shows
different effects of soil compaction under different conditions and environment
on such properties of soil and plants as: soil humidity, thermal conditions,
structure, the growth and development of plants, as well as a number of other
positive effects. Fig. 1, Tab. 7, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.3.8. The influence of the depth of the primary tillage of
brown calcareous soils on the differential porosity. /J. Oniani/. Bulletin
of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The research revealed
the influence of 80-, 60- and 30-cm depth tillage and 46 year-long use for
vineyards on differential porosity of brown, medium-thick, highly calcareous
soil in interrows, rows, vine interrows and virgin land. Tab. 1, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.3.9. Influence of man-made
factors on water penetration of brown carbonate soils. /J. Oniani/. Bulletin
of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The research revealed
that as a result of primary tillage of brown, carbonate soils on the depth of
60 cm, water penetration in interrows of vineyards considerably increased. The
research findings obviously prove that the amount of the carried-out water
several times exceeds the amount and intensity of a dropping-out precipitation
in this zone that by itself excludes erosive processes. Tab. 1, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.3.10. On the matters of climatic and energy parameters of soil
formation. /O.
Ghorjomeladze,
The article analyzes
some opinions and cases of climatic end enrgy issues in connection with soil forrmation. Fig. 2, Ref. 11.
Auth.
11.g9.3.11. Component water in
the geographical environment and hydration water content in connection with soil
formation process. /G.
Gogichaishvili, O. Ghorjomeladze,
The article analyzes
some cases of soil formation energy and opoinions of different scientists on
the above. Fig. 1, Ref. 8.
Auth.
11.g9.3.12. Energy outlays in the
soil formation process. /O. Ghorjomeladze,
The role of different
factors participating in the soil formation process and the relevant changes
are analyzed In the work. Tab. 3, Ref. 26.
Auth.
11.g9.3.13. Land erosion and the
results of stationary investigation. /O. Ghorjomeladze,
The work analyzes the
finding of an investigation carried out on stationary demonstration lands of
Khevi and Kitskhi villages. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.3.14. Systematization
of yellow podzolic soils according to the World Reference Base for Soil
Resources. /T.
Urushadze, T. Kvrivishvili,
Morphological,
physical, chemical features of yellow podzolic soils spread in a humid
subtropical zone of West Georgia have been studied. The conformity of yellow
podzolic soils with soil groups of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources
was established. Systematization of the investigated soils has been realized
based on macro- and micro-morphological features and of the analytical of the
diagnostic horizons. Tab. 2, Ref. 9.
Auth.
11.g9.3.15. The
impact of man-made factors on chemical properties of brown calcareous soils. /J. Oniani/. Bulletin
of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The
work deals with the impact of the 46-year use of brown calcareous soils on
chemical properties. Tab. 3, Ref. 11.
Auth.
11.g9.3.16. The
impact of man-made factors on physical and chemical properties of brown calcareous
soils. /J.
Oniani/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The
research findings indicate that the use of brown calcareous soils during 46
years under the vineyards sharply reduces the stock of humus, the content of
nitrogen and potash, also of phosphorus and potash. As for the contents of
hydrolyte nitrogen and phosphorus, they tend to increase. Tab. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.3.17.
Phosphorus regime of grey-brown soils of Apsheron. /A. Alieva/. Annals of Agrarian
Science. – 2012. - vol.10, - # 4. – pp. 38-45. - rus.; abs.: eng.
Data of the study of the effects of the different kinds and rates of organic and mineral fertilizers on the content of mineral forms of phosphorus in carbonate
grey-brown soils of Apsheron are studied. The predominant form of phosphorus in the investigated soil is found to be calcium-phosphate, being distinguished by its stability and accessibility
for plants. The study of the degree of mobile phosphates “intensity” of the
solution in the investigated soil creates a possibility to
predict the supply of soils with
phosphorus in the beginning of plant development. Application of organic and
mineral fertilizers in soil accelerates a process of self-diffusion,
transformation of phosphate ions form the solid phase into a
soil solution. Tab.
4, Ref. 8.
Auth.
11.g9.3.18. Some aspects of land
resources degradation in
The paper deals with an increase in soil
salinization and alkalization and wind-caused degradation under water impact
which is associated with climate change in certain regions of
Auth.
11.g9.3.19. On the productivity of alluvial soils in Samegrelo
(Georgia). /R.Lortkipanidze, N.Santeladze/. Annals of Agrarian
Science. – 2012. - vol.10, - # 4. – pp. 62-64. - eng.; abs.: rus.
The alluvial soils in
Samegrelo (Nosiri) region have been formed on old alluvial deposits. They are characterized by average and great thickness profile, are stony, mild,
consisting of carbonates and fizzing. According to the mechanic composition, the
soil is mainly clayey. The quantity of physical clay fraction is about 32-67%
which defines water, air and thermal features of this soil. Fig. 2, Tab. 3,
Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.3.20. The impact of organic and mineral fertilizers on an increase in fertility
of the Apsheron lands. /S. Shukurov/. Annals of Agrarian Science. – 2012. - vol.10,
- # 4. – pp. 74-78. - rus.; abs.: eng.
The article deals with positive outcomes
achieved at a result of long-term cultivation and fertilization of soils used
in the gardening sector of Apsheron peninsula. Application of organic and
mineral fertilizers improves not only productivity of fruit and vegetables, but
also the physical and chemical composition of soil. For this purpose the
efficiency of a combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers was
proved with tests and good results can be seen in the table given in the
article. The fertility of the garden soils of Apsheron peninsula is
substantiated through important agrotechnical measures and the combined usage
of organic and mineral fertilizers in order to raise the fertility of the
garden soils of Absheron peninsula can be considered important agrotechnic
measure. Tab. 2, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.3.21. Monitoring heavy
metals content in the “soil-plant” system. /I.
Kavtaradze, G. Avkopashvili,
The auto monitoring of heavy metals (Cu, Zn,
Cd) in the “soil-plant” system in the area of Kazreti (Madneuli) villages:
Balichi, Ratevani, Nakhiduri was carried out. According to the results
obtained, the content of heavy metals in soil is significantly higher than the
allowable concentration limit. In spite of this, the content of content of Cu
and Zn in the plants grown on this soil
does not exceed the allowed concentration limits, whereas the content of
Cd content was not observed. Fig. 2, Tab. 1, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.3.22. Investigation of soil contamination by metals within the
stripe of Shida Kartli highway. /U. Zviadadze,
Regularities of distribution in soil of toxic
metals are characterized by the specific example of Tbilisi-Khashuri highway;
the principal causes of their accumulation are identified and the contamination
degree of the soil is quantitatively assessed. Fig. 1, Tab. 3, Ref. 8.
Auth.
11.g9.3.23. Land erosion dynamics during a year. /G.Gogichaishvili,
O.Ghorjomeladze, N.Turmanidze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The work analyzes the
results of land erosion in different regions of
Auth.
11.g9.3.24. On land erosion
rates. /O.Ghorjomeladze,
N.Turmanidze, G.Gogichaishvili/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The work gives an
analysis of land losses due to erosion of different kinds of lands and cultures
according to the continents and countries. The work also analyzed the average
indicators of solid drifts (floatables) in the river waters, the ways of land
improvement and related opinions of different scientists.
Auth.
11.g9.4.1. On the effective and sustainable operation of water
reclamation and management organizations. /M. Vartanov/. Collected Papers of
The
article describes the basic conditions for effective and sustainable functioning
of water reclamation and management organizations. It is concluded that, due to
imperfections in the system of financing of maintenance work a significant
number of irrigation systems, including those rehabilitated in recent years,
are being destroyed, leading to a substantial loss of irrigation water and
reduced productivity of irrigated farmland. For the purpose of overcoming this
tendency, further improvement and development of paid water supply system are
necessary. The data describing the annual costs and the cost structure of
reclamation work typical of the irrigation system in Georgian are given. Tab.
2, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.4.2. Ways of reducing
freshet processes by the technology of anti-erosional irrigation. /V. Nanitashvili/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
With a view to
enhancing agriculture in
Auth.
11.g9.4.3. The optimal depth of processing soda saline soils of the
Development of saline lands of the
Auth.
11.g9.5.1. Estimation of the
natural resources and climate conditions of Kolkheti for the purpose of maize
production. /G.
Gagua, V. Gogitidze, T. Tskhakaia/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The paper sets out a
correlation between the crop potential of the maize corn, the total sum of the
required active temperature rates and the amount of atmospheric rainfall
(precipitation) during a 90-day period from the sowing. Hereby we propose a
method which enables to estimate an amount of maize corn production 2 months
prior to the harvest period. Fig. 2, Ref. 12.
Auth.
11.g9.5.2. Influence
of lentil sowing on the grain yield. /P. Vacheishvili/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The optimum lentil
sowing period was studied at the Mtskheta Breeding Station of the Farming
Institute on the basis of the collection material brought by the international
organization ICARDA. Through individual selection the variety “Pablo” has been
selected and zoned in 2005 and the variety “Tsilkani” in 2011. According to the
study findings, the optimum sowing period for lentil can be considered the
mid-November to the first decade of March. Tab. 1, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.5.3. Principles of
managing the formation of spiked grains production determinants. /P.Naskidashvili,
M.Naskidashvili, N.Merabishvili, I.Naskidashvili, T.Loladze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
It is shown that by
regulating development of the main productivity determining components high yield
of spiked grains can be achieved. Information concerning classification of the
cereals development phases and the scales developed by different researchers in
the world is given.
Auth.
11.g9.5.4. The current situation in cereals production
and development prospects. /P. Naskidashvili, O. Liparteliani, G. Chkhutiashvili/.
New Agrarian
The leading cereals in
N. Chkhaidze
11.g9.5.5. Immunological evaluation of wheat varieties
with different methods against yellow spot under greenhouse conditions. /L. Gorgiladze,
In recent years, frequency and harmfulness of
grain pyrenophora has noticeably
increased. It damages plants during all phases and in a number of countries
occupies the first place among wheat diseases. One of the most effective and environmentally
safe ways of struggle against the disease is growing of resistant species. In
2009-2011 researchers studied the level of resistance of wheat samples by two
tested methods. The research revealed usefulness of selected methods and
obtained results were the same. In both cases, according to the types of plant
response, several groups were distinguished: recipient (50.6%), high-recipient
(29.5%), moderately resistant (12.5%), average recipient (5%). Absolute
resistance against the pathogen was revealed only in 2.5% of cases. Lit. 8;
Fig. 2.
N. Chkhaidze
11.g9.5.6. Selection of maize varieties and hybrids -
seed-growing condition and prospects. /K. Lashkhi, G. Jinjikhadze, Z. Julukhidze,
T. Japaridze. /New Agrarian
The development of maize seed-growing
prospects in
N. Chkhaidze
11.g9.6.
HORTICULTURE, FRUIT AND VEGETABLE-GROWING
11.g9.6.1. Study of the dynamics
of accumulation of phenol compounds and of antioxidant activity of some
vegetables and plants according to their growth and development phases. /N. Gogia, Z. Bukia,
The work represents
the data on selection of some plants and spices selections and on the dynamics
of syntheis of bioactive substances according to their frowth and development
phases. The experimental data creates prerequisites for establishing the
optimal period of accumulation of these substances. Tab. 1, Ref. 6.
Auth
11.g9.6.2. Useful properties of kiwi and prospects of its development in
In recent
years the crop of kiwi (Actinidia)
has occupied one of the major places among subtropical crops of
Auth.
11.g9.6.3. Tomato crop varieties and peculiarities in
Armenia. /S.Karapetyan/. Annals of Agrarian
Science. – 2012. - vol.10, - # 4. – pp. 46-48. - rus.; abs.: eng.
In order to study agro-biological peculiarities of local and
introduced tomato varieties, experiments were conducted in the Vegetable-Melon
and Industrial Crop Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture in Armenia.
16 sample varieties were investigated, from which 7 are introduced and 9 are
local. The study resulted in a complex assessment according to main economic
indicators and selecting varieties for purposeful use in canning industry. The
varieties with high qualitative characteristics were selected from local tomato
varieties. Tab. 1, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.6.4. For the Issues of
restoration-expansion of the apple crop
production in
The issue of
restoration-expansion of the apple crop production in
Auth.
11.g9.6.5. Dynamics of detoxification of confidor and
topaz in leaves and fruit of apricot. /L. Atshemyan, V.Mirzoyan, R.Hanisyan/. Annals of Agrarian
Science. - vol. 10, # 4, - pp.124-127 - rus., abs. eng., rus.
The experiments were conducted on the apricot trees in Kotaók marz.
The dynamics of detoxification of the most frequently used pesticides in
Armenia (Confidor and Topaz) was studied in leaves when being sprayed both individually and jointly. The residual amount of the
pesticides in the leaves and fruits of apricot was determined with the help of
thin layer chromatography after 2 hours, then 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 days of
treatment. The study on detoxification dynamics of apricot leaves of different
pesticides showed a full detoxification of Confidor and Topaz within 25-28 days
after the second application, while upon their integrated control - within
30-35 days. Fig. 3, Ref.2
Auth.
11.g9.6.6. Characteristics of stone-fruits package in
polymeric pellicles. /E.Mailova/.
Annals of Agrarian Science. - vol. 10, # 4, - pp.128-130 - rus., abs. eng., rus.
Changing lifestyle requires the usage of
packaged food that is most convenient and efficient to use. Over time
unpackaged fruit loses its quality as a result of physical, chemical and
biological processes that constantly occur within food. With the aim to prevent
spoilage and increase shelf life, fresh fruit are packed in polymeric
pellicles/sheets, the usage of which is growing worldwide. In the paper the
weight change of packed peaches and apricots within 30 days is considered
depending on the type of polymeric materials. Fig. 3, Ref.7
Auth.
11.g9.7. VITICULTURE
AND WINEMAKING
11.g9.7.1. Content of the biologically active
trans-resveratrol and ε-viniferin in color
vine varieties growing in
Stilbene-containing plate preparations have been
extracted from the skin of industrial red-grape vine (Vitis vinifera L.)
growing in
Auth.
11.g9.7.2. Plastid DNA sequence diversity in a worldwide
set of grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera). /T.
Beridze, I. Pipia, J. Beck, Shih-Chung Hsu, M. Gamkrelidze, M. Gogniashvili, V.
Tabidze, P. This, R. Bacilieri, V. Gotsiridze, M. Glonti, B. Schaal/. Bulletin
of
DNA sequence diversity was investigated at two
plastid regions (the trnH-psbA intergenic
spacer and the rpl16 intron) in
a geographically diverse group of 113 cultivated grape samples. This group
included 40 samples from
Auth.
11.g9.7.3. Polypeptide analysis of Georgian-type grapes and wine production in the
process of technological development. /N. Baghaturia, T. Nanitashvili,
The quantitative and qualitative changes of polypeptides of
Rkatsiteli-type grapes and European-type wines making and technological
processimg are investigated. It is estimated that in the technological processing
of wines formation the polypeptides’ composition change significantly, which
should be considered when selecting optimal conditions of wine stabilization.
Tab. 3, Ref. 6.
11.g9.7.4. The use of the yests of the genus Schizosaccharomyces
for lowering acidity of high-acid grapes’ must and wines. /N. Baghaturia, E.
Ediberidze, N. lomsadze/. Agrarian-economic Science and Technologies. 2012. - #3. – pp. 51-55. - geo.; abs.: geo., eng.
The process of reducing acidity of grape juices
and wine materials using different ratios of the pure culture of the yeasts of
the genus Schizosaccharomyces has
been investigated. The yeast-based acidity reducing technique has been found to
be more promising against the bacterial techniques employed in industry for the
same purpose. Tab. 2, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.7.5. Biological and technological research of wine materials processing,
rioening and aging from Saperavi grapes. /N. Baghaturia, T. Nanitashvili,
Dynamics of changes and transformation of
colors and main constituents in the process of storage, ripening and aging of
wine materials obtained from Saperavi grapes are studied. These findings are of
great importance for establishing main criteria of naturalness of red wines as
well as the optimum conditions of technological processing stabilization of
these wines. The total content of colors in natural ordinary red table wines
made of Saperavi grape variety should not be less than 380/400 mg/dm3, while in
natural, red, table wines subjected to, a 3-year aging process the total
content of colors should not be less 253/162 mg/dm3, which should be considered
as one of the main criteria of naturalness of these wines. Tab. 3, Ref. 9.
Auth.
11.g9.7.6. Treatment of the must
of Saperavi grape variety with nanosilver before alcoholic fermentation and
enochemical investigation of wine. /N. Ebelashvili, M. Melikishvili, D. Okruashvili, M. Mdinaradze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
Treatment of the must of Saperavi grape variety before alcoholic
fermentation was conducted with the application of various doses of colloidal
silver and sulfur dioxide (kadifit, 50 mg/l). It has been established that
treatment of the must by using nanosilver at concentration of 0.4 mg/l and with
application of sulfur dioxide makes identical impact on enochemical parameters
of the wine.
Tab. 2, Ref. 8.
Auth.
11.g9.7.7. Results of using
natural antiseptic in sedimentation process of the must. /N. Ebelashvili, M. Melikishvili, M. Mdinaradze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The process of sedimentation of the must was realized (24 h) in its
aging: at low temperature (3-50C), with the use of different doses
of natural antiseptic –nanosliver, as well as sulfur dioxide (kadifit, 50
mg/l). After racking off, the effect of antiseptics and low temperature on the
basic chemical indices of the must was studied. It has been shown that the
application of nanosilver at concentration of 0.4 mg/l has the same effect as
sulfur dioxide. Tab. 4, Ref. 14.
Auth.
11.g9.7.8. The effect of physical-geographical characteristics of a site on wine
materials (by the example of some grape varities). /G.Gagua,
V.Gogitidze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
Both
the vine
and wine, their final product is very sensitive to the environmental changes.
This article describes
the effects of geographical characteristics of Kakheti and Racha-Lechkhumi conditions on some grape varieties, specifically Manavis Mtsvane,
Kindzmarauli and Khvanchkara. The climatic and soil conditions are
the most important among the physical- geographical factors that together with the
grape variety provide the wine
specificity.
Auth.
11.g9.7.9. The prospects of utilization of local aluminum silicates
to ensure wine quality. /Sh.Japaridze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The
article reviews the influence on stabilization and clarification of different
types of white and red wines processed by local natural and modified aluminum
silicates. It shows a perspective for using local modified bentonitic clays for
this purpose.
Auth.
11.g9.7.10. Biological and
technological investigation of rose wines making processes. /N. Baghaturia, T. Nanitashvili,
The article discusses the prospects of making rose wines in
Auth.
11.g9.7.11. Does kvevri (amphora) clay influence the
quality of wine?
/G.Barisashvili/. - New Agrarian
The results of study of substances (heavy
metals) contained in the fragments of unused kvevris made in 1910 and in 2010
are discussed. To achieve the main purpose of the research, which implies
analysis of not only the substances contained in the kvevris, but also their
impact on wine, samples of wines made in a glass container and kvevri were
studied. The study was to answer the question whether heavy metals are
transferred from vessel to wine above admitted level. The results showed that
in both cases the concentration levels did not exceed the permissible limits.
Lit. 2. Tab. 4
N. Chkhaidze
11.g9.7.12. Peculiarities of labour conditions of wine production workers. /R.Kverenchkhiladze, M.Arabidze, M.Kvatadze, M.Rizhinashvili, K.Khvadagiani/.
Within the framework
of the 2011 State Program of Prevention of Occupational Diseases, at the base
of Teliani Veli Enterprise, a complex study of labor conditions of workers was
carried out for hygienic assessment of such conditions and working out of
health promotion measures. the study results of various levels of harmulness
and their ranking by classes are discussed and the appropriate recommendations
on the improvement of sanitary and technical conditions are given. Ref.5.
Auth.
11.g9.8. TEA AND SUBTROPICAL CROPS
11.g9.8.1. Perspectives
of practical using of citrus remote hybrids. /B. Tutberidze,
The remote hybrids of citruses, such as a frost
resistant citrange, represent the perspective initial materials for selection. The
new form citrange F3 – “Anaseuli” is
separated from citranges F2 according to the phenotypic characters
of motherplant. “Anaseuli” is noted for high frost resistance (-15-16°C), high
productivity (45-50 t/ha). The citrus is rich in vitamins and other
biologically active substances. Tonic juices made from citranges F3 are not only refreshing and pleasant drinks
but also possess medicinal properties. Tab. 3, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.8.2. Biological
diversity of the wild orange gene pool and the current state in
The present state of wild orange gene pool in
Auth.
11.g9.8.3. Peculiarities
of the growth intensity of vegetative organs in young forms of citruses
produced as a result of remote hybridization. /N. Kipiani/.
Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 30-32. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The results of a bio-morphological study of
new forms of citruses produces by remote hybridization of some cultigens of
citruses cultivated in Imereti region are discussed. Tab.
1, Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.8.4. New
crop – Azimina Triloba. /V. Goliadze/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4.
– pp. 48-50. – geo.; abs.: eng.,
geo., rus.
Azimina trifoliate (Azimina triloba) is one
of the plants among the enormous variety of tropical flora which grows and
bears fruit in our conditions. The plant is resistant to frost to 25-29°C. This
fruity and decorative plant is cultivated for its unusual aromatic quality
resembling banana. Some biological peculiarities of this plant are also
stated in the article. Fig. 4, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.8.5. On the
possible mechanism of strong spontaneous mutagenesis characteristic for
citruses and the evolutionary significance of polyembriony. /A. Diasamidze, K.
Dolidze, M. Koridze,
The work concerns the evolutionary
significance of the possible mechanisms of spontaneous mutagenesis and
polyembryony in citruses. According to the intensity of spontaneous mutation
processes, the genus of citrus class occupies one of the leading places among
cultigen plants. The high level of mutation of citruses should be explained by
the auto-mutagenic mechanism as an adaptation reaction of the plant to the
unusual temperature conditions. Polyembryony in citruses is a secondary
phenomenon facilitating their genetic stability. Ref. 18.
Auth.
11.g9.8.6. Studying
tea meiosis and its genetic significance. /Z. Japaridze,
Spectrum of chromosomic transmutation
(reconstruction) is studied in some forms of tea family during the meiosis
process. In consequence of the research it is ascertained that meiosis takes
place untypically in different sorts of tea. High percentage of
chromosomic transmutation is observed. Appearance of single or some separate
fragments, formation of bridges and rings from structural abnormalities are
marked. All these abnormalities are considered as potential inversions and
translocations of the tea heterozygous condition. Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.8.7. Quality
indicators of oranges matured naturally and with application of ethylene. /E. Jakeli/.
Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 73-76. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Biochemical and mechanical indices of
Washington Navel oranges matured both naturally and by applying 250 mg/l of the
ethylene-generating liquid hydrel and di-hydrel were studied. The output of
yellow, yellowish-green and green fruit was determined. It is established, that
the ethylene-generating liquid - hydrel and di-hydrel accelerated the ripening
of orange fruits while preserving good quality indicators. Tab.
2, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.8.8. Study
of tea caffeine, anthocyanins and flavonoid glycosides by high-performance
liquid chromatography (HPLQ). /A. Kalandia, M. Ivanidze, D. Apkhazava/.
Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 94-97. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
HPLQ has been used to study the content of
caffeine, flavonoid glycosides and anthocyanins in an (anthocyanin-pigmented)
tea leaf. Fig. 4, Tab. 4, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.8.9. Achievements
in tea biochemistry and efficiency of its use in progressive technologies and
raising tea quality. /N.
Oragvelidze/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 101-106. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Analysis of biochemical researches is carried
out. The essential role of biochemistry in formation tea qualitative indices
and biological values is shown. Progressive technologies worked out on the
basis of biochemical researches and scientific researches carried out in
technical biochemical laboratory of the Institute are given. It is shown that
the content of valuable instant compounds in raw materials and tea is higher
when agrochemical and agrotechnical measures are conducted, under conditions of
keeping with the time and rules of leaf plucking and optimal parameters of
processing. The factors of improving tea quality and field rehabilitation are
shown. Tab. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.8.10. The
effect of phosphorus fertilizers on the quality of tea leaf. /N. Kutaladze/.
Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 151-154. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Phosphorus fertilizers applied against the
background of nitrogen-potassium fertilizers besides increasing the yield of
tea leaf essentially increase the content of tannin and extract substances in
tea leaf. Increase of tannin extract substances in P 180 sample
(compared to background) in August 2006 made up 4.2% (background tannin –
21.9%) and 5.7% (background extract substance 37.9%). Content
of tannin and extract substances in tea plant changes seasonally. Their minimum
content is detected in May and maximal in August. Tab. 2, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.8.11. The
Influence of rates of mineral fertilizers and ratio of elements on storability
of Satsuma mandarin. /
Citrus productivity is mostly depended on the
level of providing plants with feeding elements. Influence of nitrogen doses
and NPK ratio on productivity and storability of Satsuma mandarin is studied.
Increased rates of nitrogen and NPK 130-260 g/tree rates of ensure both high
productivity and storability of the citrus. Tab. 2, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.8.12. Regeneration
ability of old tea plantation against the background of heavy pruning. /Z. Gabrichidze, K.
Chikashua, Ts. Mgeladze,
The article deals with the
rehabilitation-regeneration ability of old overgrown tea plantation. It
is established experimentally that 70-80 year-old tea bushes are characterized
by high regeneration ability against the background of heavy pruning. Tea
bushes give a large amount of sprouts already in the first year of pruning.
Under conditions of optimal agrotechnical care the exploitation period of such
plantation can be prolonged for 20-30 years. Tab. 1, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.8.13.
Meteorological factors and producvtivity of subtropical crops. /Z. Gabrichidze, J.
Loladze, K. Partenadze/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 195-199. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Dynamics of meteorological factors and their
influence on bio-productivity of subtropical crops for the last 15 years in
Ajara subtropical zone are discussed. Given the varied orography, soil and
climatic conditions, the necessity of restoring agrometeorological stations in
Guria, Samegrelo and Imereti zones in order to serve farming enterprises better
is outlined. Tab. 3, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.8.14. Results
of studying root system and tops of new prospective tea forms. /R. Jabnidze, V.
Kutubidze,
The study results of the root systems and
tops of new prospective tea forms Nos. 59, 62, 101 are considered. According
to the results, the underground and tops of the selective forms are better
developed as compared with the control plants. The selective form #101 is noted
for best results. Tab. 2, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.8.15. Samegrelo’s
natural-climatic conditions and scientific bases for cultivating subtropical
crop. /G.
Todua/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 224-227. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Samegrelo is located in the northern part of
the subtropical zone of West Georgia, soil-climatic conditions of which are heterogeneous
for growing subtropical crops with low frost resistant ability. As a result of
many years’ researches, Samegrelo regions have been divided into six
microclimatic zones. Plant tests on the geographical plots have made in
possible to establish borders of their distribution. Fig.
1, Tab. 1.
Auth.
11.g9.8.16. Tea
production development directions. /T. Revishvili/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 269-272. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Analysis of the state of tea production in
Auth.
11.g9.8.17. Study of some psysico-chemical changes during tea leaf natural
withering. /M. Choladze, I. Choladze,
E. Magrakvelidze/.
Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 272-275. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Changes in moisture, mass and in some
chemical-organoleptic indices are researched during natural withering of leaf
in the wood, cement and polypropelene surfaces at 16-25° temperature when layer
thickness is 3-4 cm. Natural withering is recommended to be carried out in
peasant farms and under home conditions on wood surface at 59-62% humidity. Fig.
2, Tab. 3, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.8.18. On rehabilitation of
biologically aged (amortized) plants in citrus plantations. /R. Jabnidze/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
Raising the level of
profitability of citrus production is possible by replacing the biologically
aged (amortized) plants, introducing progressive agrotechnics, using correct
organizational and economic factors, arranging nurseries, selecting high and
regularly yielding, early ripening varieties and laying out new plantations ob
their basis. Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.8.19. Biomorphological
relationship of different types of branches of broad-leaved Satsuma mandarin
with bearing. /N.
Kipiani/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article discusses materials reflecting
results of a study of the interrelation between the number of leaves of
different branches of broad-leaved Satsuma mandarin and the fruit bearing. Tab.
2, Ref. 1.
Auth.
11.g9.8.20. The changes of
physical indicators of orange fruits in connection with orographic factors. /N. Nakashidze, N. Alasania/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The present work deals with the changes of physical indicators of
Washington Navel orange grown at the 50 and
Auth.
11.g9.8.21. Multiple
regeneration of lemon (Citrus limonia) in callus
culture. /N. Zarnadze,
Conditions of
introduction of a lemon embryo in vitro
culture have been developed. Also were selected: concentrations of auxins and
physical conditions for obtaining calluses’ cultures; hormonal substances and
their concentrations for regeneration; induction of regeneration in the area of
artificial nutrient medium and obtaining
of regenerants were achieved. Tab. 2, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.8.22. Florocoenotic complex of Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron
caucasicum Pall.) in high-mountain ecosystems on the Greater
Botanic-geographical diversity of floristic
complex of the Caucasian rhododendron (Rhododendron
caucasicum Pall.) on the Greater Caucasus has been studied. When specifying
typical, characteristic species of the florocoenotic complex (thickets) of
Caucasian rhododendron the distribution range of each species, coenotic role
and coenotic links were taken into account. The research results have proved
that despite quite frequent occurrence of around 100 species of various plants
in rhododendron thickets on the
Auth.
11.g9.8.23. Table diagnostics of application of compound
fertilizers on tea plantations. /I.Burchuladze, V.Tsanava, F.Chanukvadze/. Annals of
Agrarian Science. – 2012. - vol.10, - # 4. – pp. 65-69. - rus.; abs.: eng.
Tests of new and perspective forms of
compound fertilizers under conditions of red soils of tea plantations have
shown their high efficiency in comparison with equal quantity of applied
agrotechnic norms of simple (standard) fertilizers. Crop growth fluctuates
within 13-22%. Appreciable improvement of a phosphorous nutrition of plants
(increasing contents of Ð2 O5 in flushes) in comparison with standard
fertilizers is noted. However, in tea plants essential distinctions in NPK
indicators between forms of compound fertilizers was not revealed. Tab. 3, Ref.
11.
Auth.
11.g9.8.24. Tea diseases. /L.Beradze/. Bulletin
of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
50 kinds of different
fungi were revealed by researches carried out in 2006-2010. We were the first
to mark 18 kinds of fungi. Gray spot diseases, brown spot diseases,
Cladosporium, Alternaria alternata, Cercospora theae are worth mentioning among
tea diseases for their harmfulness and spreading.
Auth.
11.g9.8.25. Heterotic and heterobeltiotic studies in flue-cured
Virginia (FCV) tobacco. /I.Ali, F.Mohammad, A.Khan/. Annals of Agrarian Science.
– 2012. - vol.10, - # 4. – pp. 8-16. - eng.; abs.: rus.
The experiment was conducted at Khan Gari
Station Mardan-KPK-Pakistan during 2008 to evaluate the heterotic performance
of some tobacco genotypes. Seven tobacco genotypes (KHG22, Spt G 126, K399,
NC606, KHG21, KHG24 and Spt G 28) were crossed in all possible direct and
reciprocal combinations. Forty two direct and reciprocal crosses along with
their seven parents were space planted in randomized complete block design.
Data were collected for days to flowering, leaf area, leaves plant-1, green
leaves kg- 1, green leaves weight plot-1, plant height, internodal length,
cured leaves kg-1 and yield kgha-1. Desirable heterotic effects were observed
in all the traits studied. Greater values were observed for yield and green
leaves weight plot-1. The cross NC606 x KHG21 showed high values for yield and
leaf area. Spt G 126 x KHG22 gave high values for days to flowering, Spt G 126
x KHG24 was best for leaves plant -1and green weight plot-1and KHG21 x K399 was
best for cured leaves kg-1. Generally, the heterotic effects of traits
indicated the possibility of exploiting the hybrid vigor of the tobacco
genotypes for yield and its components. Based on the findings of this study,
the above mentioned crosses have potential for the improvement of various
traits like yield and leaf area. Tab. 9, Ref. 13.
Auth.
11.g9.9. ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY, POULTRY
BREEDING AND
VETERINARY MEDICINE
11.g9.9.1. Prospects of pasture
feeding of cattle in
Pasture and feeding-rack feeding of cattle
are compared. Advantages of pasture feeding are considered. In
Auth.
11.g9.9.2. Agrarian reforms and perspectives of sheep
farming development in alpine live-stock farming in western
The article
studies the issues of alpine live-stock farming development under conditions of
the current agrarian reforms; analyzed are: the functioning mechanism of
current agrarian reform in mountainous landownership in Pshavi – Khevsureti;
the economic levels of mountainous and plain regions; recommendations on the
arrangement of family farms in mountainous countryside are eleborated. Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.9.3. The study of toxicity of the drugs UP and UPS. /M. Chikaidze, T. Kurashvili,
Sh. Makaradze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The article gives the results of toxicological and biological studies of the preparations UP and UPS by rubbing the medication on the skin of rabbits. In the experiments the animals was taken as an average weight 2-2.5 kg, into two groups of three rabbits each. The study was conducted in two series in the early spring and summer in Kumisi Rabbit Farm. The study found that the drugs UP and UPS do not have toxic properties when being rubbed on the skin of rabbits and even a 2-5 fold increase in the doses of drugs did not cause an irritant action or other negative effects. Tab. 1, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.9.4. Role of gynecological
clinical examination in the prevention and liquidation of sterility in cows and
heifers. /G.
Butskhrikidze, O. Parkadze, R. Ñhanturidze/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The
considerable decrease of epizootic death and the number of sick animals as well
as liquidation of sterility and dryness in cows and heifers are important
reserves for increasing productivity of animal husbandry. The damage caused by
sterility becomes apparent through the deficiency of calves, decreased milk
yield, extra expenses on food and treatment that considerably increases the
cost price of production. For the prevention and liquidation of sterility in
cows and heifers a gynecological clinical examination makes it possible to
establish the causes and take preventive measures. Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.9.5. Herbal infusion
during dyspepsia of calfs. /A. Abdinova/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
Results of
experiments showed efficiency and expediency of using an infusion of flowers of
a camoile and plantain leaves at the ratio (1:10) with intramuscular injection
oxytetrasycline hydrochloride 0.1 ml per 1 kg of body weight. In four-five
days, clinical signs of dyspepsia disappear; physiological indicators are
normalized and come to norm. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.9.6. On the issues of slaughter of young local breeds of
cattle and buffalo. /G.
Gogoli/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The paper analyzes
the results of mass and output products of slaughter of young Caucasian Brown
and of the Georgian (Caucasus)
Auth.
11.g9.9.7. Seasonal and age
dynamics of the main horse helminthic diseases in
The most common
helminthic diseases in Khulari stud (Marneuli district) are digestive tract
strongilatosis and parascaridosis. The mean of the extensive infection of
horses of all ages are accordingly 64.1 and 24.5%. Mainly youth at the age of
6-18 month are infected with strongilatosis and parascaridosis (accordingly,
71.7-87.7%). Number of strongilatosis reaches maximum at the wintertime
(76.1-87.7%) and summertime (78.9-91.8%). Seazonal dynamics of infection with
parascaridosis in not clearly expressed; however we can note an increased
number of parascaridosis in April-May (48.1-60.4%). Tab. 2, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.9.8. On the timing and
survival of the invasive initial forms of strongyles and parascaris of the
digestive tract horses in
In pastures of
Marneuli district (
Auth.
11.g9.9.9. Using drugrs to prevent
the heating season in cats - factor for cancerous changes. /M. Chkhikvishvili/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
Prevention of the heating season was
implemented by hormonal preparations some studied cats. The article discusses
the research results and the ways of eradication of the pathological changes.
Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.9.10. Anestrol – per oral
hormonal preparation and its influence on cats. /M. Chkhikvishvili/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article discusses the hormonal drug Anestrol and the effects of its test on
40% of the tested animals. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.9.11. Resistance of salmonellas discharged from sick and dead
animals; establishment of sensitivity to antibiotics and selection of highly
effective preparations. /Z. Chekurishvili/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
According to the
conducted researches, it was established that salmonellas are steady against
salting, smoking and acids, and bacteria decay under thermal influence, in
particular, at a temperature + 55-600C they perish within 35-40 min.
and at a temperature + 800C and more they perish within 1-2 min.
Also was confirmed that the elimination of salmonellas and preservation of
reliability of a product will be guaranteed by cooking pieces of meat for two
or more hours. Salmonellas have a special sensitivity (100%) to Ciprofloxacin
and Norfloxacin; it gives the chance of their wide application. Tab. 1, Ref.
7.Auth.
11.g9.9.12. The content of non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen in
cows blood and milk when they are on summer pastures. /G. Basiladze/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
In the pastoral period
the level of blood nonprotein nitrogen and urea nitrogen in all experimental
cows (fertilized lots) compared to control group (nonfertilized lots) increased
by 24.0; 30.6; 34.8; 37.6 and by 15.0; 26.4; 33.2; 43.2% respectively. An
increase in the amount of non-protein nitrogen and urea in the milk of cows by
their groups was as follows: in the first group - 0.004 and 2.5%; in the second
group – 0.008 and 5.4%, in the third group – 0.009 and 7.0%, in the fourth
group – 0.011 and 9.1%, and in fifth group – 0.014 and 11.0 respectively. Tab.
3, Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.9.13. Course of
bronchopneumonia in calves. /I. Parkadze/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The results of cattle
stock farm production activity of “Farm Margebeli” are described; the
etiological factors of calves’ bronchopneumonia are identified. The course of
calves’ bronchopneumonia in the farm in 2010-2012 revealed that in 2010 the
illness constituted 24.5%, in 2011 - 5.4% and in 2012 - 11.1%. Characteristics
of calves’ bronchopneumonia are studied. Fig. 1, Tab. 1.
Auth.
11.g9.9.14. Methods of correction
of energy metabolism in animals during
hypokinesia. /A.Grigoryan/. Annals of Agrarian
Science. - vol. 10, # 4, - pp.104-108 - rus., abs. eng., rus.
The restriction of muscular activity is an
important part of the hypokinetic syndrome. Hypokinesia leads to a reduction of
energy consumption, reduction in bio-energy and intensity of structural
metabolism in the muscles, the weakening of tonic impulses from the muscles,
reducing the load on the skeletal system. The purpose of this paper is to study
the dynamics of changes of some parameters of energy metabolism in rats and
bulls with limited physical activity, approbation, and in an industrial
environment adaptogenic drug Eleutherococcus extract. As a result of our
studies, we observed a significant decrease in oxygen consumption, increased
activity of catalase and glutathione content in the blood of experimental
animals that is apparently due to a violation of mechanical ventilation and a
decrease in the use of oxygen by the body tissues and cells, as well as changes
in metabolism, indicating that shifts in the oxidation - reduction processes in
the body and Eleutherococcus extract is the corrector of these negative changes. Fig. 3, Ref.7
Auth.
11.g9.9.15. Monitoring of acclimatization of Holstein breed of cattle in subtropical zone of
Western Geogria. /L.Tortladze,
T.Gabisonia, I.Antia, J.Javarashvili/. Annals of Agrarian Science. - vol. 10, #
4, - pp.113-119 - rus., abs. eng., rus.
The scientific researches have shown that the Holstein breed of cattle successfully adapted to
the new conditions in subtropical zone, preserving the peculiarities of built of the breed, good reproduction capacity, health, lifetime and in
heifers and cows the exterior and interior indices characteristic of dairy
cattle. Milk productivity of cows corresponds to the level of feeding and the
bull calves when raising intensively reach 500kg at the age of 19 months. In
case of having good fodder resources the breed should be recommended for wide
area of distribution. Fig. 6, Ref.16
Auth.
11.g9.9.16. Present status of buffalo breeding in Georgia
and its development prospects. /G.Gogoli,
G.Khatiashvili, G.Macharashvili, L.Tabatadze/. Annals of Agrarian Science. - vol. 10, #
4, - pp.120-123 - eng., abs. eng., rus.
Buffalos are distributed in all ecology-economic zones of Georgia.
They belong to river buffalos. The Caucasian
buffalo is distinguished by high live weight and satisfactory dairy efficiency.
According to recent data, the number of buffaloes in Georgia is 29.5
thousand. Basically, they are bred in small backyard farms, their number in farms
is up 50 heads. In the scientific experiments we studied the economic and
biological characteristics of the buffalo, including reproductive ability, milk
production, growth and development of young animals, adaptability to changes.
It was stated that while feeding with a small amount of silage and grain yield,
average milk yield of dairy buffalos increased by almost 50% compared to
pastures. Fig. 2, Ref.9
Auth.
11.g9.9.17. The rates of incubation of hunting-pheasant egg. /I. Shergelashvili/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The study of
incubation and morphological rates of hunting pheasant egg showed that the
morphological rates are not greatly changed at the period of laying eggs. The
last impragnation of eggs: hatching from packing as from impragnated increases
by 3-5%. Tab. 1, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.9.18. The current state of affairs of beekeeping in Georgia. /Z.Akhaladze/. Novation. – 2012. - # 10. – pp. 152-158. – geo.; abs. geo., rus.,
eng.
The work
is devoted to beekeeping, which is the oldest, the most important and iï many
respects useful! branch of
Georgian agriculture. Development of beekeeping has big economic value of the
country and is important for revival of the local industry. Nevertheless, rates
of development of the sector of beekeeping in
Auth.
11.g9.9.19. Bacteriophages for differentiation of
brucella species.
/I. Antadze, S. Gunia, Ò. Burbutashvili, M. Dadunashvili, N.
Balarjishvili, E. Tevdoradze, Ì. Kutateladze/. Bacteriphages and Probiotics – alternative to antibiotics. Intern.
Conf. Abst.
Brucellosis, à bacterial
disease caused by members of the genus Rubella is àï important zoonotic
disease worldwide. Eliava Institute has à large collection of phages against Brucella that were isolated from various
sources and reveal selective Lytic activity against different bacterial
strains. In the framework of the DTRA GG 17 project, several bacteriophages
were isolated from Brucela abortus (N
141, 19, 9) and Â. suis (N7sa
and 11 sa) bó UV induction. The Lytic activity of phages N19, 9, 14" 7sa,
and 11 sa was studied îï 36 strains of Brucella
spp. (B.abortus, B.suis and B.melitensis)
Auth.
11.g9.9.20. Bacteriophage therapy in farmed Atlantic
salmon. /M. S. Breke, H. P.
Êlåððån/. Bacteriphages and Probiotics – alternative to
antibiotics. Intern. Conf. Abst.
Winter ulcers and yersiniosis àãå two diseases causing significant losses in farmed
Atlantic salmon. The diseases àãå caused by Moritella viscosa and Yersinia ruckeri infections,
respectively. Vaccination and classical antibiotics have been successfully to
control the diseases. However vaccination does not provide complete resistance
and there is àn increasing emergence of
bacteria observed which àãå insensitive to antibiotics.
We àãå developing bacteriophage
therapeutics as an alternative to classical antibiotics in the treatment of winter
ulcers and yersiniosis in farmed Atlantic salmon. Íåãå we present the characterization of novel therapeutic bacteriophages
infecting both Ì. viscosa and Y.
ruckeri.
Auth.
11.g9.9.21. Beekeeping. /G. Madzgharashvili/. Monograph. - 2013. – p.
178. - geo.
Topical issues of beekeeping are
discussed, such as: bee biology, maintenance-keeping methods, diseases and treatment methods, honey flora and the main point of use of bee
in plant growing, bee product processing and storage technologies. The achievements of science and technology in the
field of beekeeping, recommendations on production and market introduction of high-quality product are
highlighted. The monograph is published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
Auth.
11.g9.10.1. Typology of East
Georgian open juniper woodlands. /P. Togonidze/.
The paper provides new data on East Georgian open
juniper woodland types and associations. The typology of open juniper woodlands
has been studied on 8 sampling plots. Phytocenosis composition, average height
and diameter, age, growth class, natural regeneration rate, status of forest
understorey and herbaceous cover were determined. Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.10.2.
Utilization of Adjarian greenery resources. /A. Bajelidze,
The article deals with the widespread plants in
the forests of Adjara: sweetbrier, hawthorn, spring snowdrop, Colchicum speciosum and hop. The
utilization of their products, making raw material under natural and cultured
conditions is described. It is shown of that these raw materials are found both
in Adjara and
Auth.
11.g9.10.3.
Pathological status of chestnut stands in
Tkibuli Region (Georgia). /B. Tavadze, A. Supatashvili, G. Kapanadze, Ts.
Mamukashvili/. Bulleten of Forestry. – 2012. - #5. – pp. 21-32. – geo., abs.:
eng., rus.
Phytopathological investigations of chestnut
forests in Tkibuli region were carried out in 2010. In different forest plots
on the 27 routes total 3479 trees were recorded; of them healthy were 2068
trees or 59.44%, dying and dead - 1411 or 40.56%. This is indicative that the
general phytosanitary status of chestnut stands in Tkibuli is very
unsatisfactory requires the carrying out of sanitation measures. The
investigation was financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation, (SCOPES) -
project #IZ73ZO-127922 and by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of
Georgia. Fig. 4, Tab. 1, Ref. 22.
Auth.
11.g9.10.4.
Sanitary status of coniferous forests in the
surroundings of Bakhmaro resort and measures for their rehabilitation. /A. Supatashvili, N.
Kobakhidze, G. Gagoshidze,
The 2008-2010 study of coniferous forests in
the surroundings of the health resort Bakhmaro showed that total amount of dead
and dying spruce and fir trees made from 10 to 25%. Among the most injurious
pests mention should be made of Dendroctonus
micans Kug., together with its entomophagous - Rhizophagus grandis Gyll., Rhizophagus
depresus F., Thanasimus formicarius. In forests occur many quantity premature,
hollow wind brake and, wind-fall trees. The measures of rehabilitation of
coniferous forests in the surroundings of the health resort Bakhmaro are
proposed. Fig. 4, Tab. 2, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.10.5.
The
effect of structure and resistance of eastern spruce
stand (Picea orientalis L.) on dynamics of stem pest numbers (bark beetle) in
the beech forest belt. /T. Berozashvili/. Bulleten of Forestry. – 2012. - #5. –
pp. 41-48. – rus., abs. geo., eng.
Researches conducted in the beech forest belt
(1000-1400 m a.s.l.) showed that the structure and biological resistance of
stands of eastern spruce at moderate humidity mainly condition dynamics of
numbers of biologically active bark beetles of economic importance, and an
amount of harm. Therefore, it is necessary that the stands of middle (0,5-0,6)
and high (0,7-0,8) thickness be preserved on areas as much as possible. The
thinning of spruce stands affects their ecosystem and natural immunity. Tab. 4,
Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.10.6.
The past and present of Nedzvi Gorge forests. /M. Zedelashvili, L.
Kobakhidze, Z. Bliadze/. Bulleten of Forestry. – 2012. - #5. – pp. 65-73. –
geo., abs. geo., eng., rus.
Nedzvi Gorge is situated in the region of
Borjomi. This most beautiful land is rich in coniferous and larch forests, mountain
streams and mineral waters. In the historical past there were three attempts of
settling in Nedzvi Gorge. The first attempt was in the 9th-10th
centuries and lasted about 120-140 years, the second in the 70s of the 19th
century which lasted till 1950; the third attempt was in 1993-2003. During the
periods of settling considerable damage was caused to the forests by fires and
by unsystematic felling. In 2006 Nedzvi Gorge was joined to
Auth.
11.g9.10.7.
History of the resonance wood production in
The history of the resonance wood production in
Auth.
11.g9.10.8.
The
status of patriarchal forests of
Under the presidential decree and in
accordance with the Forest Code of Georgia in operation since 1999, the
Patriarchate of Georgia has been transferred into use without the right of
ownership 1617,3 ha of forests. The article considers the issues associated
with the restrictions on the right of the Patriarchate to protect, plant,
maintain and use forests and gives recommendations for improving the
forest-related situation in
Auth.
11.g9.10.9.
Some aspects of situation in Georgian
forests. /G.
Japaridze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The complicated
situation in connection with Georgian forests due to unsystematiic falling of
trees and its individual aspects are considered. Ref. 1.
Auth.
11.g9.10.10. The natural renovation in the main
types of beach forests of Adjara. /A. Dzirkvadze, G. Jabnidze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article
consideres the state of natural renovation in beech stands of low, middle and
high density and provides the appropriate conclusions. Tab. 1, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.10.11. Natural renovation of spruce groves by
forest types. /R.
Vasadze, A. Dzirkvadze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article considers
natural renovation of spruce groves by forest types according to various
altitudes above sea level, several ecotypes, exposition, slope inclination,
density, age, and soils. Fig. 6, Tab. 1, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.10.12. Efficiency of the use of forest products in industry. /T.Khmelidze,
T.Vanishvili/. Business-Engineering - 2012. - # 4 - pp.129-131 - geo.; abs.:
eng., geo.
Provision of wood is an important task to
ensure growth of the country's industrial capacity. Industry and construction
annually increase demand on wood, but in
Auth.
11.g9.10.13. Determining
carbon stock in forest stands of Caucasian pine and Oriental spruce in Geogria. /E. Nakaidze, G. Vachnadze, Z. Tiginashvili, G.
Tsereteli, D. Gigauri/. Annals
of Agrarian Science. - vol. 10, # 4, - pp.131-133, - eng., abs.: eng., rus.
The research studied the amount of deposited carbon in
Borjomi-Bakuriani forest stands of Caucasian pine (Pinus hamata (Stev.)
D. Sosn.) and Oriental spruce (Picea
orientalis Link) in various stand-age classes. Carbon stock was also determined in young growth, sub
forests, in soil live and dead covers, in soil humus. Annual wood increment in the region is 3.85 m3/ha.; annually fir stands absorb from atmosphere 2.48
tons CO2, in which the deposited carbon stock makes 0.675 tons. Annual wood stock in spruce stands is 2.68 m3/ha.,
annually absorb 1.126 t/ha. CO2, deposited carbon stock is 0.56
t/ha. By fir and spruce stands of Borjomi-Bakuriani district from atmosphere is
absorbed and in biomass as carbon is concentrated 14856.01 thousand ton CO2.
Fig. 3,
Ref.10
Auth.
11.g9.10.14. New data of spreading the European white birch (Betula pendula Roth) in the
surroundings of
Area of Betula pendula
Roth in the surroundings of Tbilisi has been studied. New sites of its spread
in the gorges of the r. Vere and Digmistskali have been observed. About 140
grown ones are registered in the gorge of Vere, and 14 - in the gorge of
Digmistskali. They are spread as the small numbers of groups and as unit of
individuals in the abolished structure coenoses of different formation of the
forest. We meet them rarely in the rank of ediphicator. Renovation does not go.
General conformity with a law of spreading of B. Pendula in the surrowndings of
Tbilisi, small phytocoenological description of habitats, participation and its
ceonotic role in different communities is given as well as some parameters
(height, diameter, age) of its individuals. Ref.14
Auth.
11.g9.11.
BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
11.g9.11.1. Natural zeolites – one of the
possibilities of transition from chemical to biological agronomy. /T.Andronikashvili, M.Zautashvili, L.Eprikashvili, N.Burkiashvili,
N.Pirtskhalava/.
Some aspects of transition from chemical to
biological agronomy are discussed in the article. Attention is focused on the
questions of use of natural zeolites of sedimentary origin in practice of plant
growing. On the basis of the researches carried out at the end of the 20th
and at the beginning of the 21st centuries, positive influences of
the natural zeolites on its physical and chemical properties, biological
activity and efficiency are established. Ref. 34.
Auth.
11.g9.11.2.
Consumer properties received from the
vegetative raw materials products of tea types. /Z. Maisuradze, Ts.
Javelidze, M. Salukvadze/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. –
pp. 85-88. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Grapes and subtropical persimmon leaves are
nontoxic, non-polluting raw materials rich in biologically active substances. A
technology enabling making of products with tea-like consumer properties from
the said raw material has been developed. Tab. 3, Ref. 8.
Auth.
11.g9.11.3.
Natural concentrates for preparing products
with high food value. /M. Ardzenadze, V. Bolkvadze/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 106-109. – geo.; abs.: eng.,
geo., rus.
The data about main parameters of technology
natural concentrated juice is cited in the article. The basic accent is made on
the concentrated juice made from two pair cultivars “Seyanets Kiffera” and
“Mikado”; the chemical composition of the juice and technologies of making
drinks and compotes on their basis, as well as the prospects of their use for
patients ill with diabetes mellitus are given. Tab.
3, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.11.4.
Antioxidant bioproducts from tea fleshes. /I.Chkhartishvili, N.
Seidishvili, V. Tsintsadze/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 282-284. – geo.;
abs.: eng., geo., rus.
An optimal liquid green tea processing
technology has been developed. The physico-chemical indices of the produced
bio-product are studied. The making of juice required a 5-minute steaming of
tea fleshes. The output of juice should make up to 20% of the tea raw
material’s initial mass. Tab. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.11.5.
Research results of technological regulations
of receiving black tea liquid concentrate. /Z. Dzneladze, V. Tsanava, N.
Dzneladze, E. Gobronidze, I. Gaprindashvili/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 284-288. – geo.; abs.: eng.,
geo., rus.
Specifications of producing a new type of
black tea liquid concentrate for making hot tea drink is worked out
(technological instruction 155665268-001-08). To
prepare a glass of hot tea drink, 2-2.5 tsp (tea spoon) of black tea
concentrate is needed. The drink contains a consumption dose of water soluble
extractive substances of black baikhovy tea and sugar. The enterprise engaged
in industrial testing and introduction of liquid tea concentrate into
production will provide standard technical documentations free of charge. Tab. 5, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.11.6.
Study process of tea drying in
vibro-fluidized bed. /T.
Megrelidze, V. Gvachliani, E. Sadagashvili, G. Gugulashvili/. Subtropical
Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 292-295. – geo.; abs.: eng.,
geo., rus.
Process of tea drying in a vibro-fluidized
bed is a novel up-to-date method. In order to study the mentioned process,
experiments were carried out on the installation for drying in vibro-fluidized
bed. The results of the carried out experiments showed high efficiency of
drying tea in vibro-fluidized bed. The optimal temperature of the working agent
at the first stage is 150°C and 120°C at the second stage. Duration of drying
process is reduced to 8-10 min. Fig. 3, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.11.7. Making
medicinal preventive products
from soya. /D.
Tavdidishvili, Ts. Khutsidze,
The safety indicators of soya growing in
Auth.
11.g9.11.8. Establishing optimal parameters of an extract of plant raw
material composition to prevent and treat diabetes. /D. Narsia, M. Khomeriki/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 307-310. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
A preventive medicinal extract for diabetes
was produced on the basis of tea and local medicinal plant raw material. The
content of extractive substances and tannins was studied both in separate
components and the mixture of the composition. The extraction process was
studied and optimal parameters of its conduct were established in order to
receive an extract of high biological value. Fig. 2, Tab. 1, Ref. 13.
Auth.
11.g9.11.9. Results of technological and biochemical
researches of raw material of liquid tea
concentrates. /Z. Dzneladze,
R. Takidze, I. Toidze, D. Narsia, M. Khomeriki/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 311-314. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
New materials for receiving liquid tea
concentrates (qualitative and less marketable products of black and green
baikhovy teas, tea leaf processing waste, fibers, plates, dust) are studied. On
the basis of the carried out research (organoleptic, chemical indices and heavy
metals) it is established that the less marketable products of black and green
teas and waste can, thanks to their content of water-soluble extractive
substances, be successfully used for preparing different liquid concentrates.
Tab. 3, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.11.10.
Development of a black and green tea
processing line for farmers. /V. Gvachliani, G. Gugulashvili, T.
Tkeshelashvili/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 344-346. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Optimal technological schemes and equipment
are offered for processing black and green teas from high quality raw
materials. Research results are introduced in Tkibuli tea factory by company
“Sando” and in Shemokmedi experimental enterprise. Fig. 1, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.11.11. Line for extraction tea lipids. /V. Khvedelidze, G. Gorgodze, M. Gachechiladze,
A. Bantsadze/. Subtropical
Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 348-351. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
A technological scheme of lipid extraction is
designed, where the process is carried out at two stages with allowance for tea
physical and chemical features of tea. The production line working on the given
scheme and its apparatus design are worked out. It is shown that tea extraction
is carried out by solvent in a closed cycle with maximum exclusion of getting
of the solvent’s steam into the air. The processing line enables to produce a
concentrate rich in vitamin P through water extraction from the remaining
oilcake. Fig. 2, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.11.12. Mathematical modeling of tea leaf roasting
process. /B. Dolidze, Z. Andguladze, S. Guruli/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 346-348. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The dynamics of transformation of infrared
radiant energy into thermal during its passing through the walls of roasting
drum, heat transmission to tea mass from the walls of the roasting drum and
volume exchange during tea leaf roasting is given. On the basis of the research
findings a mathematical model for calculating the design and technological
parameters of the installation is elaborated. Tab. 1, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.11.13. Natural plant flavours and their industrial
application. /N. Baghaturia, E. Uturashvili,
In order to improve the product quality are widely used the aromatic
compounds– the food additives, one of the important sources of which are, so
called, fragrant-aromatic plants, in particular their essential oils that give
the plants the specific aroma. The chemical composition of the essential oils
of fragrant-aromatic plants: lemon sorghum, lemon basil and lemon wormwood are
studied. It is established that the essential oils of the plants consist of α and β citral and linalool, typical for lemon that causes the specific aroma
and gives an opportunity to use them as natural food flavours. The alcoholic
beverage made of lemon sorghum and lemon basil got the high degustation
evaluation that proves the advisability of their usage in food industry. The
use of essential oils of the given food products, instead of the expensive
lemon essential oil, are quiet effective and profitable from the economic point
of view. Tab. 1, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.11.14. Chemical composition
and perspectives of use of fruits of the wild growing plants in
In order to make the assortment of the
functional food products wider the work investigates the chemical composition
of wild-growing plants in
Auth.
11.g9.11.15. New assortment of functional purpose shortbread. /E. Pruidze,
G. Khetsuriani/. GEN. – 2012. - #4. – pp. 106-108. – geo.;
abs.: eng.
The article
deals with the elaboration of the technology of production of low-calorie
shortbread of a new type. It is shown that this aim can be achieved by reducing
the content of readily assimilated carbohydrates and increasing the nutritive
value owing to the enrichment with biologically active substances of vegetable
origin. For this purpose the powdered Jerusalem artichoke was used as an
additive. The elaborated technology involves the replacement of some amounts of
flour and sugar with the powdered Jerusalem artichoke. Tab. 2, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.11.16. On the
possibilities of using barberries and haws for producing functional foods. /D. Tavdidishvili/.
GEN. – 2012. - #4. – pp. 99-100. – geo.; abs.: eng.
The chemical composition and safety indices of
barberries and haws were studied. It was found out that the berries of both
types contained significant amounts of cellulose, pectin and biologically
active substances. The content of vitamins and mineral substances in those
berries and their level of providing the daily norm of intake make barberries
and haws advisable for nutrition, especially for prophylaxis of ascorbic acid
and iron deficiency. The technology of production of functional drinks and
sauces using the barberries and the berries of hawthorn was developed.
Auth.
11.g9.11.17. Thermal treatment of
grape must with infrared rays to increase the quality of wine materials. /M. mikaberidze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The work is dedicated
to the thermal treatment of grape must by the energy of infrared rays to
improve the quality of wine materials. The experimental data identify the
optimal conditions of such treatment. Fig. 1, Tab. 2, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.11.18. Study of the basic qualitative indicators of orange juice for
the purpose of its further processing. /G. Kaishauri, T. Dzneladze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
This work presents
the results of a study of technical and chemical indicators of the Washington
Navel orange grown in
Auth.
11.g9.11.19. The results of the
research of technical and chemical indicators of the actinidia cultivar
“Monty”. /G.
Kaishauri/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The
cultivar of Actinidia (kiwifruit) “Monty”, grown in West Georgian region of
Zugdidi was studied. The organoleptic, technical indicators and chemical
content show that the cultivar contains a considerable quantity (57.5 mg%) of
vitamin C. Tab. 1, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.11.20. Cold storage of cheese produced from soya milk. /T. Megrelidze, V.
Gvachliani, G. Gugulashvili, E. Sadagashvili, B. Gvachliani/. Transactions of
A new technology process for making cheese
from soya milk is described. It is shown that for preserving the cheese the
cheese should be kept in a refrigerator. The optimal parameters for cold
storage of the cheese made of soya are established. Fig. 4, Ref. 10.
Auth.
11.g9.11.21. Using the hydroelectric effect in making
candied fruits. /G. Papunidze, S. Papunidze/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The rational use of
fruits, berries and non-traditional plant raw materials spread in
Auth.
11.g9.11.22. Agricultural products’ import-export tendencies in
The article deals with such issues as agricultural products’
export-import tendencies in
Auth.
11.g9.11.23. Application of the electromechanical effect in the
production of delicacy lamb products. /A.Nurgazezova, K.Amirkhanov, B.Asenova, G.Kozhibaeva, G.Nurimkhan/.
Business-Engineering - 2012. - # 4 - pp.180-181
- rus.; abs.: eng., geo.
The use of electromechanical effects allows
reduce duration of technological process, improve the organoleptic,
physico-chemical, structural and mechanical properties of lamb and increase the
biological and nutritional values of gourmet lamb meat product. Ref.4.
Auth.
11.g9.11.24. Biotechnology of production of new generation sour milk
products. /B.Tuganova,
S.Taraigirova/. Business-Engineering - 2012. - # 4 - pp.184-187
- rus.; abs.: eng., geo.
The research revealed that the developed new
slurred sour milk products from secondary diary raw material are biologically
full value foods and may be recommended for functional use and prophylactic
nutrition for all age groups of population. Ref.4.
Auth.
11.g9.11.25.
Photochemical analysis of bilberry leaves. /R. Skhiladze, M. Sulaberidze, K.
Batsikadze/. Transactions of the Technical University of Georgia.–
2012.-#2(484).-pp. 23-28.-geo,; abs.: geo, eng., rus.
For a systemic chemical study of bilberry
leaves the content of glycosides, sugar and other reduced substances was
investigated on the basis of a substance extracted from the bilberry leaves
spread in Kazbegi and Vani regions: organic acids, colorant (chlorophyll),
mineral substances and tannins, saponins, etc. The bilberry leaves are found to
contain 12-18% of reducing substances and 2 glycosides at least. The particular
value of the bilberry leaves is their ability to reduce blood sugar (glucose).
This effect is manifested on per oral administration (in contrast to insulin).
Auth.
11.g9.11.26. Probabilistic estimation of the diffusion process of
extraction of vegetable raw materials. /Z. Japaridze, T. Kipiani,
The physical model of
the diffusion process of extraction of vegetable raw materials is presented.
Using the probability theory methods, a mathematical model of the movement of
target components in the diffusion layers and extraction in the extragent is
obtained. Fig. 1, Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.11.27. Investigation of the kinetic process of extraction of
vegetable raw materials. /Z. Japaridze,
A mathematical model
of the kinetic process of extraction of vegetable raw materials is proposed.
The equations for the evaluation of the separation of the target component in
the extragent are obtained. Ref. 1.
Auth.
11.g9.11.28. Technological and medical biological aspects of the problem of
increasing the nutritional and biological value of food protein. /G.Grigorashvili, A. Khotivari,
The paper discusses the problems of development of a protein
composition. Suggested is one of the ways of the optimal use of protein
resources. A mathematical method of mutual enrichment of the two proteins
(plant and animal) limited by different amino acids is analyzed. The method is
based on a comparison of the amino acid scales of the mutually enriched
proteins. Tab. 3, Ref. 24.
Auth.
11.g9.11.29. Using protein concentrates produced from the secondary
raw material of industrial processing of grapes in the sausage production. /G. Grigorashvili, A. Khotivari,
The present work discusses a possibility of
using the protein concentrate received from the nontraditional raw material –
secondary raw material of grapes’ secondary processing (grape skins and seeds).
Characterization of the raw kind of proteins is given, their functional and
technological features are studied, the recipes and technologies of new
combined meat by-products using the grapes protein preparations are presented.
Tab. 3, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.11.30. Study of a consumer attitude toward bee products and the
products containing them. /D. Tavdidishvili, Ts. Khutsidze/.
GEN. – 2012. - #4. – pp. 101-103. – geo.; abs.: eng.
The consumer
attitude to honey and other bee products is studied. The monitoring results are
analyzed. The advisability of production of confectionery, desserts and drinks
containing honey and other bee products rich in essential biologically active
substances is demonstrated. For this purpose, it is necessary to elaborate a
science-based technology and recipes, which would extend the assortment of
functional-purpose confectionery, desserts and drinks that are rather limited
in
Auth.
11.g9.11.31. The effect of milk-contained heavy metals on Georgian
cheese quality. /G.
Basiladze,
The content of heavy
metals in milk and their effect on Georgian cheese quality has been studied in
the region of Kvemo Kartli, specifically in the village of Mashavera (control
group), Dmanisi region as well as in the village of Javshaniani (experimental
group), Bolnisi region. The content of heavy metals (copper, zinc, lead) in the
milk of the Caucasian Brown cows and
its effect on the Georgian cheese quality were studied. Tab. 3, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.11.32. Effective microorganisms -
M technology in agriculture. /S. Uchava, M. Odisharia/ New Agrarian Georgia. - 2013. - # 5. - pp. 17-18. - geo.
It is noted that the yield and quality of melons, vegetables, berries, fruit crop
significantly improves as a result of M solution sprinkling or soil irrigation. All
components of the M technology are produced from
organic substances and any gardener can produce any fertilizer and biological agents for own land
plot (for example, in the form of compost).
N. Chkhaidze
11.g9.11.33. The role of ethics and food safety
in the food supply chain. /P. Raspor/. Bacteriophages and Probiotics – alternative to
antibiotics. Intern. Conf. Abst. Tbilisi – 1-4 July 2012. - p.102 - eng.
Food
production, processing, storage and distribution have all experienced profound
changes in last decades due to forced globalization, shelf live extension, and
often peculiar consumer demands. Manipulation of quality and safety terms along
the food supply chain is prevalent. Food safety programs have to identify
hazards, analyze them, evaluate the likelihood of their occurrence, and
identify measures for their control. Being à food professional is à
challenge and an opportunity to analyze processes and to understand how good
and successful practices may be implemented and where food microbiology and its
practitioners need to be actively involved in food safety management from
"farm to fork": And with that, the food supply chain opens many
dimensions of ethics considerations.
Auth.
11.g9.11.34. Microbiological
aspects of food products hygiene. /R.Kurashvili, G.Kverenchkhiladze/.
During recent
years, threat of microbiological contamination of foodstuff provoked
international agencies and committees, among them WHO and FAO, to adopt a
number of documents and guidelines/resolutions in the sphere of food safety.
Analyis of medical and bacteriological study implemented by the controlling
body of food safety – National Food Agency of the Ministry of Agriculture of
Georgia during 2007-2012 showed that the basic violations is the presence of
coliform bacterium with a tendency to grow. We believe that basic reasons of
the present situation are violations of sanitary and hygiene conditions and
technological processes by the producing enterprises and non-observance of
personal hygiene by their employees. Ref.3.
Auth.
11.g9.11.35. Food safety and quality. /K. Laperashvili, Z. Kuchukashvili/. - 2011. – p. 143 - geo.
The book provides basic chemical
components of food, food safety and quality policy in Georgia,
general provisions on regulation in the European Union, main chemical
and biological threats of food and food raw materials, technology of
assessment of food safety and hygienic rating methods, food adulteration, modern food safety management systems - hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP),
traceability, fortified food, genetically modified food products and their
safety evaluation, ethical issues of food biotechnology, the role of laboratories in food safety are considered. Fig. 8; Lit. 62.
Auth.
11.g9.12.
AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY
11.g9.12.1. Determination of the
normal reaction of the soil to the heels of adaptive self-propelled chassis. /Sh. Chalaganidze, R. Makharoblidze/.
The article considers the methods defining the normal
reaction of the wheels of adapted self-propelled chassis in the case of balance
suspension of the driving tandem wheels. The calculation formulae for the
normal reactions of the front guide and rear driving wheels are deduced. It is
established that the total normal reaction to the truck is distributed equally
between the rear and front tandem wheels, thus having an impact on the reaction
characteristics of the running system. The normal reactions of the wheels are
determined by considering he assembly of the operating equipment allowing
identifying the optimal locations of the technological working organs along the
girders of the chassis by considering the minimization of the pressure of the
wheels on the soil. Fig. 2, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.12.2. Technical facilities
of complex mechanization of tea cultivation
and plucking. /I. Bakanidze,
R. Margalitadze, L. Lomtadze/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 317-320. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
A short description of the early existing and
present state of the mechanization of labor-intensive tea growing and tea
plucking processes is given. It is noted that a perspective system of machines
for complex mechanization works in the field of tea cultivation and plucking
has been worked out at the mechanization laboratory of the
Auth.
11.g9.12.3. Technology and techniques to remove the pruned
and crushed mass of tea bushes from plantations. /Z. Makharoblidze, R. Khazhomia, T. Sanikidze, I. Dzirkvadze, N.
Dumbadze/. Subtropical
Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 320-323. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The work demonstrates the possibility of
using the pruned and crushed vegetative mass of overgrown and degraded tea
bushes for economic purposes and its efficient use in
Auth.
11.g9.12.4. Mechanized rehabilitation of amortized and aged tea plantations. /Z. Makharoblidze, I. Bakanidze, R. Margalitadze, L. Lomtadze/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 324-328. – geo.;
abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The necessity and measures of restoration and
rehabilitation of tea growing - one of the most important fields of Georgian
agriculture, are considered. It is noted that new machinery and technical
facilities for rehabilitating the amortized, abandoned and wooded tea
plantations are worked out in cooperation with the Georgian Institute of
Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture. The introduction and
application of the mentioned technical facilities in tea industry will essentially
contribute to the rehabilitation and restoration of the sector. Fig. 6, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.12.5. Solar dry kiln for fruit and vegetables. /R. Japaridze, I. Aptsiauri/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 351-354. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Power crisis created in the country put on
the agenda the necessity of using local self-renewable power resources
Different variants of household solar dry kiln installations have been
developed and experimentally tested at the Institute. The outcomes of these
tests as well as the appropriate methods of applications are given. Fig. 2, Tab. 1.
Auth.
11.g9.12.6. Using small-scale mechanization for making forage
(fodder) for cattle under mountain
conditions. /M. Mamuladze/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. –
pp. 359-361. – geo.; abs.: eng.,
geo., rus.
An experimental model of small-scale mower of
new design that can be used for making fodder under mountain conditions is
presented. Fig. 3, Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.12.7. Calculation of cubic equation for load-bearing rope of log dragging rope-way equipment. /Tr. Tkhemaladze, Z. Balamtsarashvili, P. Dundua, D. Nachkhebia, I.
GeIashvili, B. Gogochuri/. Bulletin of Forestry. - 2012. -
# 5. - pp. 10-15. - geo., abs. geo.
The
equation in which by means of putting in the maximum rope
droop value ¦o(max) and after
corresponding transitions, the cubic equation of general state of a rope is
calculated. In addition, the analogy received between the rope droop and
bending moments of the beam is used to discover the ¦o value for the droop case by action of own weight of the rope, when such
weight, in the form of load, is distributed with q intensity on the
span of chord line. The values of erection tension A0 and working tension A loading factors were found. Representation of the
general state of rope connecting rope tensions Tb and To – during any change of loads was received. Fig. 3,
Lit. 9.
Auth.
11.g9.12.8.
Calculation of total length of the load-bearing rope of log dragging rope-way equipment. /R. Tkhemaladze, Z.
Balamtsarashvili, P. Dundua, D. Nachkhebia, I.GeIashvili, B. Gogochuri/. Bulletin of Forestry. - 2012. - # 5. - pp. 16-20. -
geo., abs. geo.
Physical option is
selected, wherein the elastic deformation occurs along the entire length of the
rope evenly. On the basis of representation of the option of calculation of
bending rope, which determines change of the length of the rope and shape of
droop, an equation for determining the length of the rope after its load is
received. In the received equation integral is represented as a sum and maximum
droop, maximum tension and the maximum length of the rope after deformation is
received during location of the load in the middle of span. A formula for
determining the total length of the rope is obtained. Fig. 3, Lit. 9.
Auth.
11.g9.12.9. Determination of resistance occurring in a
blender and calculation of strength. /O.Akopyan/. Annals of Agrarian Science. – 2012.- vol.10, - # 4. – pp. 84-86.
- rus.; abs.: eng.
The paper
deals with the determination of resistance on the blades of the screw and the
wall of the mixer as well as the strength factor of working organs of the
mixer. Fig. 1, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.12.10. The dependence of operational indices of
machine-tractor aggregates (MTA) on the location of rectangular plot on the
slope. /S.Papyan, À.Akopyan,
V.Badalyan/. Annals of Agrarian Science. – 2012. - vol.10, - # 4. – pp. 87-92.
- rus.; abs.: eng.
The complex outline of plot has a negative
effect on the operational indices of machine-tractor aggregate, especially if
the plot is located on the slope, because in the latter case the power stroke
of aggregate is limited by the fact that it moves parallel to the horizons of
the slope. In this respect, the connection between the MTA operational indices
(particularly the coefficient of power stroke) and the loss coefficient of the
curves with arbitrary location of rectangular plot on the slope (under some
angle formed by any side of the plot and the slope horizon) are of great importance.
It is revealed, that under this location of area those indices are getting
worse. Fig. 4, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.12.11. On some modern farming technologies. /Sh. Chalaganidze,
O. Bedia, G. Mosashvili/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The
soil conservation and energy-saving technologies used in farming, such as the
minimal and zero tillage are considered. The positive and distinctive
properties of the specific technologies are compared with the conventional
farming technologies. The attention is given to the application of combined
machines, the use of which excludes damage to the soil structure and enables
the carrying out of several operations for one pass of the unit. Ref. 16.
Auth.
11.g9.12.12. passability of
tandem-wheeled self-propelled chassis. /R. Makharoblidze,
The passability of a
tandem-wheeled self-propelled chassis is evaluated by such
relative indicators as passability of the ground-sunk wheels, passability
by load-bearing capacity, passability by adhesion of wheels, passability by
engine traction, tow-spacing and tea plantation passability. The passability
indicators give the possibility to take into account the soils rheological
properties and the parameters of adaptive tandem wheeled self-propelled
chassis. Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.12.13. The
theory of soil compaction by running gear of an adaptive tandem-wheel
self-propelled chassis. /R. Makharoblidze,
The theory of soil
compaction by the running gear of an adaptive tandem wheel self-propelled
chassis is developed. Based on the soil rheological properties and parameters
of an adaptive two-wheeled self-propelled chassis in the deformation
distribution zone, the functional dependency between the average soil density
and the running gear of the self-propelled chassis is established. The methods
of calculation of all physical values to assess the impact of the running gear
on the soil as prescribed by standards are developed These parameters serve to
compare the experimental and serial self-propelled chassis. Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.12.14. Modern resource-saving
technologies - an important soil conservation measure. /E. Shapakidze/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The article considers modern tillage technologies,
the implementation of which will ensure: decreases in the production price,
expenses on combustive-lubricating materials, the quantitative and qualitative
improvement of products, improvement of physico-mechanical properties and
productivity of soil, significant reduction of water and wind soil erosion. Fig. 6, Tab. 1, Ref. 13.
Auth.
11.g9.12.15. Preparation of roughage by using
small-scale mechanization under mountain conditions. /M.
Mamuladze, F. Abuselidze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
An experimental
design of a small-power moving-machine with rectilinearly movable segments that
can be used for preparing fodder on small-contour plots and under mountain
conditions is presented. Fig. 3, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.12.16. The use of small-scale mechanization for
cultivating and harvesting hazelnuts on small farms. /M.
Mamuladze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article considers
new designs pf experimental small-scale mechanization facilities that can be
used for cultivating and gathering hazelnuts on slopes, ensuring thus a
significant reduction of manual labor, raising the labor productivity and
decreasing its costs. Fig. 11, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.12.17. The design formula for calculating the amount of grape mass to be processed
in a continuous winepress. /G. Miruashvili/. Bulletin
of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article considers
a new design of continuous winepress and the theoretically derived formula
which, based on the structural parameters of the installation and the selected
shape of its main working body - drum, makes it possible to calculate the
amount of grape mass to be simultaneously fed to the winepress for processing.
Fig. 1, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.12.18. The impact of the guide
turn on processed grapes. /G. Miruashvili/. Bulletin
of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article analyzes
the working processes of different continuously acting belt presses, specially
designed for grape processing. The disadvantages of the device are given and a
completely new principal scheme of a winepress is proposed. The linkage between
the constructive and technological parameters of the given installation is
established and the efficiency of the installation upon use of drums of
different design is justified. Fig. 5, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.12.19. Universal
hand cutter and harvester. /N. Maglakelidze,
A universal
electric-motor propelled hand cutter and harvester equipped with electric
batteries is proposed for using on tea plantations as well as a lawn-mower. The
working body design enables simultaneous cutting and transportation of the cut
mass in its bunker. The hand cutter is designed under the rectilinear
block-modular principle and can be used as a combo machine as well as a single
operation performing module. Fig. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.12.20. Dynamic study of a
heavy tea pruning motoblock. /Z. Makharoblidze,
I. Dzirkvadze,
The dynamic process of working bodies has been
studied. The formulas of changeability of the angular velocity of the motor
shaft and dynamic loads as a function of time have been derived according to
the mechanical characteristics of the motor and the load on the working body. Fig. 1, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.12.21. Theoretical study of the process of sawing. /N. Dumbadze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The dynamic interaction between the saw teeth and
the processed material during the sawing process have been studied. Fig. 2, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.12.22. Hazelnut harvester’s dynamics. /R.
Margalitadze, F. Varshanidze, M. Mamuladze/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
The
article describes the dynamic processes on the driving shaft of a hazelnut
harvester. The design formula of the optimal values of the reduced moment of
inertia is derived.
Fig. 4, Tab. 4, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.12.23. Hazelnut harvester’s economic and
technological test indicators
and calculation of economic efficiency. /R. Margalitadze, F.
Varshanidze, M. Mamuladze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The
article gives the results of economic and technological tests of a hazelnut
harvester conducted for the purpose of determing reliability of its entire
design and its individual components as well as calculating economic efficiency
of the unit. Tab.
2, Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.12.24. Experimental
study of a tandem wheel self-propelled chassis performance. /B. Basilashvili,
The result of field
testing of an adaptive two-wheel self-propelled chassis designed and built at
the Institute are considered. Fig. 1, Tab. 1, Ref. 5.
11.g9.12.25. A new
apparatus for freezing of fruit by fluidization method. /T. Megrelidze, V.
Gvachliani, E. Sadagashvili, G. Gugulashvili/. Transactions of
The principle scheme
of a new apparatus for freezing fruits by the fluidization method is presented.
It is shown that the freezing process in the proposed apparatus is carried out without any contact with the aerated
layer, providing thus the maximum preservation of the product quality Fig. 1,
Ref. 9.
Auth.
11.g9.13. GENETICS -
SELECTION
11.g9.13.1. “Gorda”- a new
short-stemmed botanical and genetic variety of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained by induced mutagenesis.
/P.Naskidashvili, G.Chkhutiashvili, D.Bedoshvili,
M.Naskidashvili/.
Short-stemmed super dwarf wheat “Gorda” is obtained
via treating seeds of the French bred winter variety “Ducat” (released for
distribution in
Auth.
11.g9.13.2. Starting material for
selection of mulberry varieties tolerant to leaf dwarf in natural populations
of Kartli. /P. Naskidashvili, L. Mdzeluri, T. Dalalishvili, K.
Mchedlidze/.
Among the integrated methods of struggle against
mulberry leaf disease – leaf dwarf – the most efficient and economically
justified one is diversity of varieties – obtaining and identification of new
starting selection material, which,
according to their preliminary diagnostic and correlation indices, would
be characterized by high potential for resistance. The present paper offers
structural-anatomical characteristics of the mulberry hybrid forms revealed in
the zone free from infection, in Kartli region, on the basis of morphological
description, which to a certain extent, condition their resistance to extreme
environment conditions and are in positive correlation with leaf nutritive
values. Fig. 3, Tab. 1, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.13.3. Formation of pecan forms
by using mutagens. /Ts.
Kashakashvili/. Subtropical Crops. –
2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 62-64. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Using chemical mutagens (Knish; Nash; DMS) in
pecan selection causes acceleration and intensification of the processes of
form formation. Mutagens #1 and #2 are received from the initial form
Auth.
11.g9.13.4. The
collection of plant genetic resources of annual legumes. /A. Gulbani/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The mandate of a gene bank is to secure the conservation of the
collected plant genetic resources and provide access to them. There has been
collected around 2000 accessions by organizing collection missions, requesting
seed materials back to country from different international gene banks. All the
collected material has been evaluated, characterized, multiplied and conserved.
The Georgian
plant genetic material is freely available for the farmers and breeders. These collections represent as far as possible the gene pools of our
crop plants, that is, the genetic basis of agriculture and horticulture. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.13.5. Polpala
(Aerva lanata) micro-propagation in in vitro culture. /N. Zarnadze,
The conditions for
introducing Polpala in in vitro
culture were developed. Selected were: conditions for getting viable aseptic
cultures (namely at the stage of micro-clonal propagation food is mineral
composition), hormonal substances and their concentrations; the organogenesis
induction was achieved on the artificial nutrient medium area to obtain
micro-clones. Tab. 1, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.13.6. Biodiversity
of maize culture and results of its breeding in
The results of
diversity of maize variety, caused by influence of the human and the nature are
given in this paper. Fig. 3, Tab. 1, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.13.7. New maize hybrid “Kazbegi”. /L. Kirikashvili, T. Kodua, A. Mumladze, Z. Jinjikhadze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The maize crop covers
around 200-220 thousand hectares in
Auth.
11.g9.13.8. Values
of Georgian wheat. /M.
Naskidashvili,
The genetic and
breeding values of endemic wheat varieties and their importance in the creation
of modern type varieties and hybrids are given. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.13.9. Bio-morphological and economic characteristics of
prospective nucellar seedlings obtained by crossing the
The nucellar selection is one of the effective ways to increase frost-resistance and productivity of orange, also to improve its quality. The study is based on the results of a study of the biology, morphology, performance and hardiness of nucellar seedlings of the Washington Navel orange under conditions of Adjara. The nucellar forms of the Washington Navel orange are recommended as the starting material. Tab. 4, Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.13.10. Nucellar
selection of citruses and some related biological aspects. /Z. Bukia, Sh.
Lamparadze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The paper presents
the arguments pointing to the fact of improvement of the assortment of citruses
by classical breeding methods. Among the methods of selection, the predominant
role is played by nucellar selection of citruses as a reliable way of producing
new promising varieties. The literary and practical data prove that the
nucellar generation of citruses is represented by a great diversity of forms,
which differ from the parent plant and are valuable economic signs. The paper
presents the study results and expresses an opinion on the nucellar selection
as the most reliable method of renovation and enhancement of the viability of
varieties at the present stage. Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.13.11. Urgency of renovation of citrus varities (mandarin - C reticulata BL, orange - C sinensis Osb., lemon - C
limon Burm). /Z. Bukia, Sh Lamparadze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The role of
hybridization, nucellar breeding and apomictic reproduction in enhancing viability
and deteriorated potency of citruses is analyzed. It is noted that the
renovation/upgrading of citrus varieties has no alternative at the current
stage and needs to be practically implemented. Fig. 3, Tab. 1, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.13.12. Some forms of biological and economic
characteristics of early-ripening Satsuma mandarin. /Sh. Lamparadze/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The morphologic
description, biometric data, starting and ending of the first growth, starting
and ending of blooming, starting fetal-ripening and massive ripening,
productivity and mechanical and biochemical composition of the fruit,
particularly: average weight, the percentage ratio of the skin and pulp,
squeezing the sap from the pulp and fruit, dry substance, titrated acidity,
ascorbic acidity (vitamin C) and sugars of the long–term-plan forms of
industrial species of the wide-foliage mandarin Unshiu “Shavishvili” and
”Natsarishvili” are described in the work. The wide-foliage Satsuma mandarin
variety widely cultivated in the citrus growing area has been taken as control.
Tab. 5, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.13.13. Genetics and breeding of Georgian wheat. /P.Naskidashvili, M.Naskidashvili, T.Loladze, I.Naskidashvili,
K.Mchedlishvili/. Bulletin
of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
In is shown that
Auth.
11.g9.13.14. Crossability
of endemic species and aboriginal varieties of Georgian wheat and traits in F1. /P.Naskidashvili, I.Naskidashvili, M.Naskidashvili, T.Loladze,
K.Mchedlishvili, N.Gakharia/. Bulletin of
The research shows that
Auth.
11.g9.14.1. Tea plant micobiota. /I. Beradze,
Monitoring has been carried out to reveal
micobiotic complexes causing tea plant diseases. We investigated over 250
massive tea plantations in Ozurgeti, Lanchkhuti, Chokhatauri, Khobi, Senaki,
Kobuleti and Khelvachauri. 51 different kinds of
fungi of parasitic and saprophytic nature were revealed on tea plants as a
result of the carried out investigation. Out of them 18 kinds of fungi were
revealed for the first time. Ref. 9.
Auth.
11.g9.14.2.
Disintegration dynamics of effective preparations in lemon fruit against citrus
pest spread on citrus crops. /E.
Orjonikidze, M. Machavariani, K. Bezhanishvili, Kh. Bezhitashvili/.
Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 247-249. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The research results of the disintegration
dynamics of preparations: Actelic, Imidor Max, Calypso, Talstar in lemon pulp
and rind are given. It is proved that Actelic disintegrates within 20-25 days,
Poligor – 30-40 days, Imidor max – 30 days, and Talstar disintegrates within 20
days. Tab. 2, Ref. 6.
Auth.
11.g9.14.3. Citrus drying-control method. /A. Giorbelidze, M.
Giorbelidze/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 253-255. – geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Drying of citrus plants is widely spread in
the humid subtropical zone of West Georgia. Disease is of chronic character and
is caused by fungi: Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Emend. Synd et Hans and F. javanicum Kood. var.
radicicola. The following measures are recommended for its control:
sanitary-hygienic, prophylactic, biological as well as control measures which
raise citrus resistance against disease. Sanitary-hygienic
and prophylactic measures should be carried out in order to reduce infectious
beginning as much as possible. Timely conduct of agrotechnical measures
according to standards ensures normal growth and development of a plant and
promotes plant resistance to diseases. Introduction
of the antagonist Trichoderma lignorum tode in the soil of nurseries is
recommended. The antagonist is used against the fungus which causes rotting of
roots. The complex
fertilizer “Red Crystalone” is recommended for raising citrus resistance to
drying. Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.14.4.
Biology of Miscantus
sinensis Andress and
control methods. /G. Gogoladze/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 266-268. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Miscantus
sinensis
Andress is a perennial weed shrub of 60-150 cm height. In general, it is
propagated by seed and partially vegetatively. In West
Auth.
11.g9.14.5. Measures for
hail-protection of Kakheti vineyards and dealing with the hailed vine. /V. Gogitidze, B.
Abashidze, G. Gagua, T. Tskhakaia/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
It is not recommended to permanently cover vineyards with
nets in the Kakheti hail-danger zones in order to protect them from hail during
the vegetation period. Instead, coverage of vines should be made by way of
Capron nets only during the hail-danger situations, in a mechanized way. Fig. 2, Ref. 4.
Auth.
11.g9.14.6.
Results of study of citrus whitefly (Dialeuroides citri Ashm) and its
natural enemy Serangium (Serangium percesetosum Sic) under Adjara condition. /G. Aleksidze, A.
Murvanidze,
Some
questions of distribution of citrus whitefly (Dialeuroides citri Ashm)
and its natural enemy Serangium (Serangium
percesetosum Sic.)
are given tohether with the questions of its introduction, acclimatization,
multiplication and technical efficiency of Serangium. Tab. 6, Ref. 16.
Auth.
11.g9.14.7. Investigation of
predator-prey system by using phase flatness. /G. Aleksidze, L.
Nozadze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
One of the methods of
study of the biological system predator-prey providing the use of phase
flatness is discussed. The establishment of optimal initial values will enable
to control in the citrus agrocenoses the number of useful insects (ticks). Fig.
2, Ref. 3.
Auth.
11.g9.14.8.
Integrated prevention of citrus cultures from harmful organisms. /G. Aleksidze,
The work highlights
the importance of an integrated prevention of citrus crops aimed at controlling
harmful insects. Ref. 9.
Auth.
11.g9.14.9. New
invasive species Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimic (Lepidoptera:
Gracillariidae) in
The morphology, biology details, host plant and spread area
of the new invasive pest insect horse-chestnut- Cameraria
ohridella Deschka&Dimic in
Auth.
11.g9.14.10. The
effect of feeding with different immunizors on the hardiness citrus infected
with citrus tristeza virus (CTV). /D. Giorgadze, M. Alania, A. Murvanidze/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The article deals
with the chemical changes in CTV-infected citruses fed with different
immunizors. Fig. 3, Tab. 1, Ref. 13.
Auth.
11.g9.14.11. The
effect of temperature and continuous humid period on the germination of S. nodorum spores /
Stagonospora glume blotch caused by fungus Stagonospora nodorum is a worldwide epithotic dangerous disease of wheat. The aim of the research
was to determine the effect of temperature and continuous moist period on the germination of S. nodorum
spores. It has been determined that the optimal temperature for
spores germination is +20 – 30o C, though their vitality is also fixed at +5–350 C.. Tab. 1, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.14.12. Species composition of Septoria disease of wheat and its spread in
In
Auth.
11.g9.14.13. Testing of modified
insecticide acaricide “Antipest” against green peach aphids. /L. Tskhvedadze, O.
Lomtadze, D. Kakashvili/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural
Sciences of
The article deals
with the test results of the insecticide acaricide “Antipest” modified against
green peach aphids Myzus persicae, Hyalopterus pruni, Pterochloroides persicae Cholodk at the
Auth.
11.g9.14.14. Intraspecies differentiation of the Georgian population of Blumeria graminis causing barley powdery
mildew. /Ts. Tsetskhladze, Z. Sikharulidze,
G. Meparishvili/. Bulletin of the
Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The virulence of 1150 single coloni isolates of the fungus Blumeria garminis from different Georgian
regions was analyzed on the European differential set (24 Pallas isogenic lines and 11 varieties) including the resistance genes. The results of virulence survey of barley powdery mildew
population have shown that Georgian population is highly virulent. The
following effective resistance genes were detected: Ml-a7+MlLG2; Ml-a7+Mlk;
Mla7+Ml-No3, Ml- a7+Ml(Tr3)+Ml(AB); Ml-a13+Ml(Ru3); Ml-a22; Ml-nn; ml-05. It is possible that these genes will be the good sources
of resistance for use in breeding programs. Fig. 1, Tab. 2, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.14.15. Spread and virulence
structure of wheat powdery mildew in Georgia. /M. Gabaidze, Z.
Sikharulidze/. Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The causal agent of wheat powdery mildew Blumeria graminis is spread throughout the wheat growing regions of
Auth.
11.g9.14.16. Features of the
biology of flowering of the cucumber ''Mukhranuli'' in the greenhouse. /N. Kharkhelauri/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
There are 3 flowering
types in the species “Mukhranuli”, one of them is the same as found in
literature, with many male and few female flowers, the second has an average
number of male and female flowers, the third - the most interesting - has a
gynoecious habit of flowering, presumable as a result of artificial selection.
Fig. 1, Tab. 3, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.14.17. The impact of soil
mulching on the growth and yield of the cucumber variety "Gilani". /N. Kharkhelauri/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The
article discusses the benefits of using polyethylene mulching of soil on the
growth and early yield of cucumbers under conditions of
11.g9.14.18.
Influence of nutrition area on the spread of diseases and pests in the cucumber
variety “Mukhranuli’’. /N. Kharkhelauri/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
For the prevention of
diseases and pests, it is necessary: to create optimal
conditions for the growth and development of cucumber: microclimate, optimal
nutrition area, proper and timely formation, schemes of preventive spraying
against pests and diseases, frequent replacement of insecticides and fungicides
to avoid resistance, and use of insecticides depending on the phases of
development of pests. Fig. 1, Tab. 3, Ref. 7.
Auth.
11.g9.14.19. The harmfulness of
cereal flies and measures to control them in
The most harmful cereal pests: Swedish fly (Oscinosoma frit L.), Gesenskaya fly (Mayetiola destructor Sou,) Zelenoglazka (Chlorops pumilionis Bierk) with the date on their phenology, biology and population dynamics, as well as the measures to control them are presented. Tab. 2, Ref. 10.
Auth.
11.g9.14.20. Negative
influence of mistletoe lectin on the survival of the moths Apamea sordens and Agrotis segetum (lepidoptera, noctuidae). /M.
Gaidamashvili,
The insecticidal activity of Viscum album
chitin-binding lectin (MChbL) against
Apamea sordens Hufn. and Agrotis
segetum Schiff. larvae was investigated. MChbL exhibited proteinase
inhibitory and chitinase activities and affected larval development and
survival at different growth stages. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of MChbL
showed homology to osmotin-like protein from Hevea brasilienisis and a-amylase/trypsin
inhibitor from Zea mays with 60%
homology. The results show that mistletoe chitinbinding lectin has potential as
entomotoxic agent for the control of Lepidoptera pests. Fig. 3, Ref. 11.
Auth.
11.g9.14.21. Fertilizers and plant protection products on the
market of
The article considers the issues of
fertilizers and plant protection agents offered on the Georgian market, their
efficacy, as well as the negative environmental factors. The focus is made on
the necessity of expert examination and state registration of supplied
fertilizers and plant protection agents before they enter the market. The users
are advised to select the products supplied by well-known European companies
and consult a professional.
N. Chkhaidze
11.g9.14.22. Control of bacterial
diseases of plants by phages. /Å. Andriychyk, Y. Bilokon, Å. Mas, V.
Polischuk/. Bacteriophages
and Probiotics – alternative to antibiotics. Intern. Conf. Abst.
Experts àãå constantly faced with the problem of bacterial diseases when growing or
storing plant products. It is of utmost importance to develop new, environmentally
friendly crop protection approaches. Bacteriophages have ïî significant drawback. They prevent spread of infectious diseases in
plants when used in small amounts. The work is aimed at obtaining high
efficiency and environmentally friendly antibacterial preparation based îï bacteriophages for bacterial plant diseases control.
The stability of bacteriophages and their molecular biological properties were
studied during the experiments. Using the collection of the most active phages àï environmentally safe product for use in agricultural
practice will be developed.
Auth.
11.g9.14.23. Biological
approaches for protection of plants from Orchidañåàå juss family based on phages of plant pathogenic
bacteria. /Å. Andriychyk, O.Puhach, V.
Polischuk/. Bacteriphages and Probiotics – alternative to antibiotics. Intern.
Conf. Abst. Tbilisi – 1-4 July 2012. - p.48 - eng.
Bacterial diseases àãå particularly dangerous for plants as they màó cause complete and irreversible degeneration that leads to heavy losses
of yields. The aim of this research was to study the properties of phages of
plant pathogenic bacteria causing bacterial diseases of Orchidaceàå plants, and to explore the artificial introduction of
laboratory phages into protected soil (in greenhouses). We focused îï the prospects of phage as factors which contribute to
reducing the negative impact of pathogenic microorganisms îï decorative plants.
Auth.
11.g9.15.
AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY
11.g9.15.1. New substrate of prolonged action
on the basis of natural zeolite and brown coal for growing agricultural crops. /T. Andronikashvili, M. Zautashvili, L. Eprikashvili,
On the basis of brown coal and natural zeolite
(heulandite-clinoptilolite containing tuff) modified by ammonium and potassium
cations a substrate has been developed; the bioproduction of plants grown on
this substrate is 2.9 times higher than that grown on soil. This substrate is
characterized by long continuous utilization in plant growing. Tab. 3, Ref. 16.
Auth.
11.g9.15.2. Influence of natural adsorbents - zeolites on some
properties and fertility of soil. /M. Gamisonia/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – ¹1-4. – pp. 160-163. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
Influence on some soil properties of
Auth.
11.g9.15.3. Local ores of
Local ores of Georgia (phosphorite,
limestone, mergel, chalk, dolomite, gypsum, magnesium containing ore), organic
fertilizers (bog peat, brown coal, bitum and loam slate), micro fertilizers
(boron, manganese, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc) and other local agronomic
raw materials (bentonite clay, zeolites) are analyzed and the ways of their
rational use are presented. Tab. 1, Ref. 8.
Auth.
11.g9.15.4. Efficiency of
application of nitrogene fertilizer
received on the basis of smoke gas emissions of the power enterprises for agricultural crops. /M. Seyidov/. Annals of Agrarian Science. – 2012. - vol.10, - # 4. –
pp. 70-73. - rus.; abs.: eng.
In
Auth.
11.g9.16.
AGRICULTURAL RADIOLOGY AND AGRO-ECOLOGY
11.g9.16.1. Controlling soil erosion by narrow strips of Vetiveria
zizanioides – an
Israel-Georgia project. /N. Dudai, G.
Gavardashvili, Ts. Mirtskhulava, M. Ben-Hur/. Collected Papers of
For
the purpose of soil erosion control, the results of scientific research works
implemented in
Auth.
11.g9.16.2. The laboratory research of soil erosion
control blankets GeoMat “Nesfile” and “Nesgeo”. /G. Chakhaia, Sh. Bosikashvili, Z. Varazashvili, R. Diakonidze, I.
Khubulava, L. Tsulukidze, T. Supatashvili, M. Shavlakadze, F. Lortkipanidze, G.
Omsarashvili/. Collected Papers of
The
article deals with the development and application soil erosion control
blankets/mats in Georgian agriculture. The benefits of such blankets and their
positive effects of the growth and development of agricultural crops are
discussed.. Fig. 8, Tab. 1, Ref. 2.
Auth.
11.g9.16.3. Ecologization of an integrated
system in reducing citrus and tea pests to obtain organic farm products. /A. Nikolaishvili/. Subtropical Crops. – 2010. – #1-4. – pp. 260-263. –
geo.; abs.: eng., geo., rus.
The prospects of production of organic tea
and citrus crops are discussed: the use of biological agents by seasonal
colonization and settlement in controlling agricultural pets is recommended.. Ref.
6.
Auth.
11.g9.16.4. The
optimal ratio between production and ecology in terms of sustainable rural
development. /A.
Antonov/. Ekonomisti (Economist). – 2012. - #4. – pp. 81-85. – eng.; abs. rus.
Analyzed are the actual state of operation of agricultural production,
rural social sphere as well as the state and problems of the environment. The economic mechanisms to ensure
environmental safety in rural areas of
Auth.
11.g9.16.5. The environmental factor in the system of
priorities of the state economic policy. /O.
Hindes/. Ekonomisti
(Economist). – 2012. – #5. – pp. 37-42. – eng.; abs. eng., rus.
The
environmental factors in the system of priorities of the state economic policy
are substantiated. The economic evaluation of the natural resources in the
system of indicators for the development of the country is determined. Ref. 5.
Auth.
11.g9.16.6. Ecological condition of vegetables raised on arable lands
adjoining the highway in Kvemo Kartli. /U. Zviadadze,
The chemical composition of the vegetables
grown on the areas adjoining the highway in Marneuli and Bolnisi
municipalities and their possible impact
on humans are experimentally established. Fig. 5, Tab. 2, Ref. 8.
Auth.
11.g9.16.7. Information and some ideas on the project of a
hydropower station on the Tergi (Terek) River. /G. Japaridze/.
Bulletin of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of
The opinions of some
NGOs on the construction of a hydropower station on the right tributaries of
the
Auth.
11.g9.16.8. Ascertainment of the biological value and food safety
of local and imported citrus crops in terms of their echo-chemical examination.
/G.
Danelia, T. Palavandishvili, Z. Chankseliani/. Bulletin of the Academy of
Agricultural Sciences of
As a result of the
ecochemical examination, the home-grown fruits of citrus plants were studied
together with the imported ones (Satsuma tangerines and lemons “Newgeorgian”
from Ajara, lemons from
Auth.